Comparative clinical studies of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of amikacin and gentamicin

Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss in humans

“…Most studies consider ototoxicity to have occurred if at any time after a base-line audiogram has been obtained an increase occurs in the auditory threshold of 15 dB or more at any two frequencies (38,45,52,53,55,58,61,72) or 20 dB at one or more frequencies (5, 21,25,27). Some investigators consider a 15-dB or greater change at any frequency to represent ototoxicity (4, 29,40,50,76,[80][81][82][83]94), and others use some combination of criteria (10,32,33,66).…”

Correlation of aminoglycoside dosages with serum concentrations during therapy of serious gram-negative bacillary disease

“…Risk factors for development of nephrotoxicity are not fully agreed upon. Among those previously reported are preexisting renal disease, elevated AMG serum levels, concomitant use of other nephrotoxic agents, dehydration, advanced patient age, and prior courses of AMGs (6,20). Among our 34 nephrotoxic patients, volume depletion was significantly more common.…”

“…The incidence of this occurrence with gentamicin has been variably reported as being from 9 to 50% (9,14,20) and is dependent, in part, upon the methodology and criteria for nephrotoxicity used in each study. For the most part, the azotemia associated with AMG therapy is reversible upon discontinuation of the antibiotic.…”

“…A number of studies have suggested a relationship between toxicity and elevated AMG serum concentrations (9,10,12,14,20 …”

“…A number of studies have suggested a relationship between toxicity and elevated AMG serum concentrations (9,10,12,14,20). In addition, attempts have been made to correlate "therapeutic" AMG serum concentrations with clinical efficacy (16,24).…”