Comparative cytochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide distribution in pea ineffective mutant SGEFix--1 (sym40) and initial line SGE

Tsyganova, Anna V.; Tsyganov, V. E.; Borisov, Aleksey U; Тихонович, И. А.; Brewin, N. J.

doi:10.17816/ecogen733-9

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In wild-type nodules, the amount of GSH label in bacteria in infection threads was low ( Supplementary Figure 3A and Table 2 ), with the most intensive labeling being observed in bacteria in some “locked” infection threads of sym33-3 mutants ( Figures 3D–F ) and juvenile bacteroids of sym33-3 and sym40-1 mutants ( Figures 2D–F , 3J–L , 4D ). These effects can be explained by the activation of strong defense responses in these mutants, including the suberinization of infection thread walls in sym33-3 nodules ( Ivanova et al, 2015 ), and hydrogen peroxide accumulation around juvenile bacteroids in sym40-1 nodules ( Tsyganova et al, 2009 ). This suggests that rhizobia use GSH to mitigate the stress induced by the activation of plant defenses in these mutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodule Infection and Defense Responses by Glutathione, Homoglutathione, and Their Ratio

et al. 2022

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In this study, the roles of glutathione (GSH), homoglutathione (hGSH), and their ratio in symbiotic nodule development and functioning, as well as in defense responses accompanying ineffective nodulation in pea (Pisum sativum) were investigated. The expression of genes involved in (h)GSH biosynthesis, thiol content, and localization of the reduced form of GSH were analyzed in nodules of wild-type pea plants and mutants sym33-3 (weak allele, “locked” infection threads, occasional bacterial release, and defense reactions) and sym33-2 (strong allele, “locked” infection threads, defense reactions), and sym40-1 (abnormal bacteroids, oxidative stress, early senescence, and defense reactions). The effects of (h)GSH depletion and GSH treatment on nodule number and development were also examined. The GSH:hGSH ratio was found to be higher in nodules than in uninoculated roots in all genotypes analyzed, with the highest value being detected in wild-type nodules. Moreover, it was demonstrated, that a hGSHS-to-GSHS switch in gene expression in nodule tissue occurs only after bacterial release and leads to an increase in the GSH:hGSH ratio. Ineffective nodules showed variable GSH:hGSH ratios that correlated with the stage of nodule development. Changes in the levels of both thiols led to the activation of defense responses in nodules. The application of a (h)GSH biosynthesis inhibitor disrupted the nitrogen fixation zone in wild-type nodules, affected symbiosome formation in sym40-1 mutant nodules, and meristem functioning and infection thread growth in sym33-3 mutant nodules. An increase in the levels of both thiols following GSH treatment promoted both infection and extension of defense responses in sym33-3 nodules, whereas a similar increase in sym40-1 nodules led to the formation of infected cells resembling wild-type nitrogen-fixing cells and the disappearance of an early senescence zone in the base of the nodule. Meanwhile, an increase in hGSH levels in sym40-1 nodules resulting from GSH treatment manifested as a restriction of infection similar to that seen in untreated sym33-3 nodules. These findings indicated that a certain level of thiols is required for proper symbiotic nitrogen fixation and that changes in thiol content or the GSH:hGSH ratio are associated with different abnormalities and defense responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodule Infection and Defense Responses by Glutathione, Homoglutathione, and Their Ratio

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, it plays a multifunctional role in nodule development, being involved in infection droplet formation and bacteroid differentiation, as well as in control of the nodule number. The Pssym40-1 mutation leads to the activation of strong defense reactions, such as hydrogen peroxide accumulation around juvenile bacteroids [ 123 , 124 ] and suberization of the nodule endodermis and the vascular endodermis, as well as some defense-related genes [ 116 ]. It also displays abnormal mycorrhizal formation and functioning [ 118 , 119 ].…”

Section: Identification Of Symbiotic Regulatory Genes In Peamentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic Regulatory Genes Controlling Nodule Development in Pisum sativum L.

Tsyganov

Tsyganova

2020

Plants

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Analyses of natural variation and the use of mutagenesis and molecular-biological approaches have revealed 50 symbiotic regulatory genes in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Studies of genomic synteny using model legumes, such as Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and Lotus japonicus (Regel) K. Larsen, have identified the sequences of 15 symbiotic regulatory genes in pea. These genes encode receptor kinases, an ion channel, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, transcription factors, a metal transporter, and an enzyme. This review summarizes and describes mutant alleles, their phenotypic manifestations, and the functions of all identified symbiotic regulatory genes in pea. Some examples of gene interactions are also given. In the review, all mutant alleles in genes with identified sequences are designated and still-unidentified symbiotic regulatory genes of great interest are considered. The identification of these genes will help elucidate additional components involved in infection thread growth, nodule primordium development, bacteroid differentiation and maintenance, and the autoregulation of nodulation. The significance of symbiotic mutants of pea as extremely fruitful genetic models for studying nodule development and for comparative cell biology studies of legume nodules is clearly demonstrated. Finally, it is noted that many more sequences of symbiotic regulatory genes remain to be identified. Transcriptomics approaches and genome-wide sequencing could help address this challenge.

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“…Defects in IT and droplet development in pea mutants in the genes Pssym33 and Pssym40 are accompanied with abnormal distribution of arabinogalactan-protein and extensins [111]. An important role in the maturation of the IT wall belongs to hydrogen peroxide [112,113]. A possible role of ethylene in IT wall maturation was also suggested [114].…”

Section: Its In Mature Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Genetic Control over Infection Thread Development during Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis

Tsyganova¹,

Tsyganov²

2018

Symbiosis

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Legumes possess by unique possibility to interact with soil proteobacteria, known as rhizobia, forming on the roots the special organs called symbiotic nodules, where nitrogen fixation takes place. To form the nodule, rhizobia should penetrate inside root tissue, where they colonize a nodule primordium, formed from the reactivated root cells. One of the ways of root infection by rhizobia occurs via formation of a transcellular tubular structure, termed infection thread (IT), which grows through the cytoplasm by apical deposition of primary cell wall material. Numerous mutants impaired in the infection thread development were obtained in different legumes. Genetic analysis has revealed that mutants belong to different complementation groups; this means the existence of precise genetic control over infection thread development. Moreover, it was suggested that infection and nodule organogenesis are regulated with independent but coordinated genetic programs. Using the model legumes, a set of plant genes, controlling infection thread development was identified. These genes encode transcriptional factors, LysM receptor kinases, E3 ubiquitin ligases, SCAR/WAVE actin regulatory complex, nitrate transporter, remorins, flotillins, proteins involved in membrane biogenesis and traffic, and some other components. In this review, we briefly summarized our current knowledge about genetic control over developmental processes associated with infection thread.

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Comparative cytochemical analysis of hydrogen peroxide distribution in pea ineffective mutant SGEFix--1 (sym40) and initial line SGE

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

The Regulation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodule Infection and Defense Responses by Glutathione, Homoglutathione, and Their Ratio

The Regulation of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Symbiotic Nodule Infection and Defense Responses by Glutathione, Homoglutathione, and Their Ratio

Symbiotic Regulatory Genes Controlling Nodule Development in Pisum sativum L.

Plant Genetic Control over Infection Thread Development during Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis

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