Comparative Cytogenetics of Lace Bugs (Tingidae, Heteroptera): New Data and a Brief Overview

Abstract

The lace bug family Tingidae comprises more than 2600 described species in 318 genera that are classified into the subfamilies Tinginae (about 2500 species and 300 genera), Cantacaderinae, and Vianadinae. We provide data on karyotypes of 16 species belonging to 10 genera of the tribes Tingini and Acalyptaini (Tinginae) studied using conventional chromosome staining and FISH. The species of Tingini possess 2n = 12A + XY, whereas those of Acalyptaini have 2n = 12A + X(0). FISH for 18S rDNA revealed hybridization signals on one of the medium-sized bivalents in species of both tribes. FISH with a telomeric probe TTAGG produced no signals in any species. In addition, we provide a list of all data obtained to date on Tingidae karyotypes, which includes 60 species from 22 genera of Tinginae. The subfamily is highly conservative in relation to the number and size of autosomes, whereas it shows diversity in the number and chromosomal distribution of the rDNA arrays, which may be located either on a pair of autosomes (the predominant and supposedly ancestral pattern), on one or both sex chromosomes, or on an autosome pair and the X. The absence of the “insect” telomeric sequence TTAGG in all species implies that Tinginae have some other, yet unknown, telomere organization.

A synopsis of the numbers of testicular follicles and ovarioles in true bugs (Heteroptera, Hemiptera) – sixty-five years of progress after J. Pendergrast’s review

“…This family of herbivorous true bugs comprises ~ 2600 described species in more than 318 genera that are classified into the large subfamily Tinginae (~ 2500 species in 300 genera) and two smaller subfamilies, Cantacaderinae and Vianadinae ( Golub et al 2022 ). Data on follicle and/or ovariole numbers are available for a total of 25 species (12 genera) belonging to the Tinginae (21 species), Cantacaderinae (three), and Vianadinae (one).…”

Expanding the Chromosomal Evolution Understanding of Lygaeioid True Bugs (Lygaeoidea, Pentatomomorpha, Heteroptera) by Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis

“…As stated in the Introduction, male meiosis in the Heteroptera is unique, showing an inverted sequence of sex chromosome divisions (“post-reduction”), with sex chromosomes undergoing equational separation of sister chromatids during the first division and reductional segregation of sex chromosomes during the second division; the autosomes remain their conventional sequence of divisions [ 3 ]. Although exceptions are known and some true bug taxa have sex chromosome “pre-reduction” (see for references [ 3 ]; see also, e.g., [ 12 , 22 , 23 , 31 , 32 ]), all the studied species of the Lygaeoidea demonstrate the “post-reduction”. This is also the case with the species studied in the present work, which is most convincingly shown in Dimorphopterus spinolae and Kleidocerys resedae , in which it was possible to trace the behavior of sex chromosomes up to MII.…”

“…True bugs have holokinetic chromosomes in which centromeres are absent, so the search for chromosomal markers is of particular importance in this group. In several species, FISH-based karyotyping, specifically rDNA mapping, has pointed to chromosomal differences between species with similar karyotypes [ 22 , 35 ]. In recent years, studies using FISH, mainly for analyzing the 18S region of the major 45S rDNA, have become very popular in true bugs (reviewed in [ 24 , 25 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] and references therein).…”

“…Species identification was made by Viktor B. Golub and Dmitry A. Gapon. Chromosome preparations were obtained from the testes of adult males using a squash technique as described elsewhere (e.g., [ 22 ]). The number of specimens karyotyped varied from one to three in the studied species, and several slides were prepared from the testes of each male.…”

“…The number of specimens karyotyped varied from one to three in the studied species, and several slides were prepared from the testes of each male. The standard karyotypes were studied after staining by the Schiff–Giemsa method [ 22 , 23 ]. To study the chromosomal distribution of the major rDNA, and to determine if the species display or not the “insect” telomere (TTAGG) n motif, double-target FISH with a firebug ( Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linneus, 1758)) 18S rDNA probe and the (TTAGG) n probe was carried out according to the protocol described by Grozeva et al [ 24 ].…”