Comparative delivery of Diltiazem hydrochloride through synthesized polymer: Hydrogel and hydrogel microspheres

Abstract

In this study, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) networking with polyacrylic acid (PAA) were prepared by a non-conventional emulsion method without any added crosslinker, using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and sodium chloride (NaCl) as additive. The IPN hydrogel was characterized by using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (PVA-co-PAA)/ NaCl normal IPN hydrogel (H) were fabricated into hydrogel microspheres (HM) by modified emulsion crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde-saturated toluene as crosslinker and were loaded with Diltiazem hydrochloride (DL). The IPN hydrogel showed more swelling in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). (PVA-co-PAA)/NaCl HM for-mulation A1 showed comparatively higher DL entrapment (79%) and better control over DL release up to 24 h. By comparing antihypertensive activity of DL loaded two formulations in normotensive rats, HM formulation A1 found more effective in reducing blood pressure to 40.1%. The experimental results demonstrated that (PVA-co-PAA)/ NaCl HM had the greater potential than normal hydrogel to be used as a drug carrier. A single use of the prepared hydrogel microsphere system of DL can effectively control hypertension in rats. The system holds promise for clinical studies. V C 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 116: 959-968, 2010

Some variables affecting the characteristics of Eudragit E-sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complex as a tablet matrix for diltiazem hydrochloride

“…Other formulations gave n values between 0.695 and 0.985 (i.e., 0.5 < n < 1) indicating that the release mechanism of DTZ HCl from these matrices was anomalous (non-Fickian), which suggested that both diffusion of the drug in the hydrated matrix and its erosion modulated drug release. Similar results were obtained in the release of DTZ HCl from polyvinyl alcohol-polyacrylic acid microspheres (30) and EE-carbopol PEC tablets (16).…”

Effect of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate on swelling and on metformin hydrochloride release behavior of chemically crosslinked pH–sensitive acrylic acid–polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel

“…Additionally, the carboxylate anions cause more hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion to the polymer segments in the hydrogel. So, by the increase in pH, the AA–PVA hydrogels swelled speedily due to more swelling driving force caused by the electrostatic repulsion between the ionized carboxylate groups [ 23 – 25 ]. Manifestation of the swelling ratios (dynamic and equilibrium) of AA–PVA hydrogels is given in Table 2 .…”

In Situ‐Forming Cross‐linking Hydrogel Systems: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications

“…Ray et al prepared an IPN hydrogel based on PVA networking with PAA (PVA-co-PAA)/NaCl microspheres. The hydrogels were loaded with diltiazem hydrochloride (DL) and showed comparatively higher DL entrapment (79%), better control over DL release up to 24 h, and were more effective in reducing blood pressure to 40.1% [98]. Josef et al investigated a composite gel system formulated from microemulsions (ME) embedded in alginate hydrogels.…”