Comparative effciency of some tests of cerebral damage.

Abstract

This study: (a) compared 40 Ss with cerebral damage with 40 matched nondamaged Ss on 4 commonly used psychometric instruments, as well as W-B Vocabulary and MMPI L Scale; and (b) investigated the relationship between these tests and 4 dimensions (laterality, severity, progressiveness, and diffuseness). Using artificial base rates, the rank order for "accuracy" was:

Adult Chronic Kidney Disease: Neurocognition in Chronic Renal Failure

“…Serum creatinine examined in relation to cognitive test performance Trail Making Test (Reitan 1956), Choice Reaction Time, Short-Term Memory Test (Korman and Blumberg 1963) There was a positive correlation between degree of uremia as assessed by serum creatinine and worse performance on the Trail Making Test and measures of reaction time Improvements on some tests were noted after HD compared to pre-dialysis Kurella et al (2004) N=80 uremic patients >60 years old with GFRs <60 compared to published norms Modified Mini-Mental State exam (3MS) (Teng and Chui 1987), TMTB (Reitan and Wolfson 1993), California Verbal Learning Test (Delis et al 1987) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage et al 1983) Relative to published norms uremic patients performed more poorly on immediate and delayed verbal recall (i.e., California Verbal Learning Test) and conceptual set-shifting (i.e., TMTB) Uremic patients further stratified as mildto-moderate, GFR>25.5 and severe, GFR<25.5 3MS was positively related to GFR level even after adjusting for other variables (i.e., systolic blood pressure, GDS score) Patients receiving HD significantly outperformed uremic patients on the 3MS and TMTB even after controlling for demographic and medical variables Kurella et al (2005a, b) 3,034 elderly subjects, 653 with kidney disease as defined by GFR<60. Cognitive testing at baseline then after 2-4 years 3MS (Teng and Chui 1987) administered at baseline and then 2 to 4 years after baseline.…”

“…Serum creatinine was examined in relation to cognitive test performance Trail Making Test (Reitan 1956) There was a positive correlation between increasing serum creatinine and worse performance on the Trail Making Test Ginn et al (1975) 27 uremic patients most receiving dialysis. Serum creatinine was examined in relation to cognitive test performance Trail Making Test (Reitan 1956), Auditory Short-Term Memory Test, Answer Recognition Test (reaction time) (Korman and Blumberg 1963) There was a strong correlation between degree of renal failure as measured by serum creatinine and worse performance on the Trail Making Test and the answer recognition test Hart et al (1983) 24 chronic HD patients compared to 18 uremic patients and 20 control subjects with various physical disabilities Wechsler Memory Scale (mental control, digits span, logical memory and visual reproduction) (Wechsler 1945). TMTA and TMTB (Reitan 1956), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-digits symbol coding (Wechsler 1955) and Purdue pegboard dominant hand time (Matthew and Klove 1964) HD patients and controls significantly outperformed uremic patients on the majority of measures and particularly tests of attention, concentration and memory…”

Neuropsychology

“…Heilbronner, Henry, Buck, Adams, and Fogel (1991) failed to find differences between groups of patients with left or right hemisphere lesions on raw scores on part A or part B, on the difference between the two scores, or on a ratio formed by dividing part B by part A raw score; the latter pair of findings conflicts with earlier reports by Klesges, Fisher, Pheley, Boschee, and Vasey (1984) and Golden, Osmon, Moses, and Berg (1981). Nonetheless, the TMT has proven to be a useful brief screening device to differentiate between brain-injured individuals and controls (Heilbronner et at., 1991;Korman & Blumberg, 1963;Lewinsohn, 1973), and as a predictive factor in successful vocational rehabilitation (Lewinsohn, 1973). However, it has not been consistently effective in distinguishing psychiatric patients from neurologic patients Zimet & Fishman, 1970).…”

Cognitive Deficits and Lateral Brain Dysfunction in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

“…In the same sample, however, the Trail Making test did show interhemispheric differences consistent with results obtained by Reitan (50). In another study (25) using Memory-For-Designs, differentiation of the lateral dysfunction was also poor. In an extensive study, Shure and Halstead (52) used a 15-test battery, including measures of three of Halstead's four factors of "biological intelligence".…”