Comparative effect of Citrus sinensis and carbimazole on serum T ₄ , T ₃ and TSH levels

Abstract

Background:There are previous independent reports on the anti-thyroid property of Citrus sinensis. This isoflavones and phenolic acid-rich natural agent is widely consumed as dietary supplement, thus the need to investigate its comparative effect with a standard anti-thyroid drug on T4, T3 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.Objective:To compare the effect of Citrus sinensis and carbimazole (CARB) on blood levels of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) and TSH.Materials and Methods:Male wistar albino rats weighing 100-150 g were employed in this research. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats per group. Group I served as control and were administered distilled water while groups II-IV were administered with 1500 mg/kg of Citrus sinensis (fresh orange juice; FOJ), 0.1 μg/g of levothyroxine (LVT) and 0.01 mg/g of CARB, respectively, per oral once daily for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and blood sample collected by cardiac puncture and processed by standard method to obtain serum. TSH, T4 and T3 were assayed with the serum using ARIA II automated radioimmunoassay instrument.Results:The results showed that TSH level was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in LVT treated group compared with the FOJ group. T4 was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the FOJ and CARB groups compared with the control and LVT groups. LVT significantly increased T4 when compared with FOJ group. T3 was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the CARB group compared with the control.Conclusion:These findings suggest that FOJ alters thyroid hormones metabolism to reduce their serum levels with a compensatory elevations of TSH level in a direction similar to CARB.

Effects of Thyroid Dysfunction on Liver Tissue in Male Rats

“…Result in this study regarded the levothyroxine was in accordance with study by (Uduak et al, 2014) who found that LVT significantly reduced TSH while increasing T3and T 4 level. LVT is identical to that produced naturally in the thyroid gland.…”

Grape Seed Extract Role Against L-Thyroxine Effects On Thyroid Gland And Lipid Profile

“…In forth group decrease concentration of T4 and T3 hormones compared with the first group, that maybe due to known mechanism of carbimazole to inhibit peroxidase enzyme TPO action which it an important enzyme in the synthesis of thyroid hormones (8). Third group in which grape seed extract(GSE) interferes with drug, so that maybe explain the reason that T4 hormone level in this group closer to normal rang than its level in the first group maybe due to GSE flavonoids, Flavonoids have the ability to inhibit the action of and D1 deiodinase enzyme that converts T4 to T3 in liver this arise the level of T4 (7,16).What mention above may explain that there is an decrease in the level of the TSH hormone reached to the significant degree(P<0.05) in the first group compared with the control, while it did not in the third group, Because it is known that there is an inverse relationship between the level of hormone TSH and the level of thyroid hormones according to the negative feedback mechanism (7).…”

Effects of phytochemicals on thyroid function and their possible role in thyroid disease

“…Another in vivo study investigated the antithyroid effects of Citrus sinensis (fresh orange juice) in male Wistar albino rats. C. sinensis (1500 mg/kg, once daily, for 28 days) reduced T4 levels and increased TSH levels, suggesting that fresh orange juice may be an adjuvant for the treatment of hyperthyroidism …”

“…While the mechanisms underlying the modulatory effects of soy or soy isoflavones on thyroid signaling have been described in several in vivo and in vitro studies, the reported effects are somewhat inconsistent with observations in human studies. In particular, in vivo studies in rodents have reported a decrease in thyroid signaling (and TH levels in particular) upon exposure to certain phytochemicals or plant extracts (e.g., Annona squamosa seed extract or quercetin, coumarin, E. officinalis Gaertn., piperine, rutin, naringin and hesperidin, fresh orange juice, genistein and daidzein, BH, PSCs, and stigmasterol), while others have shown an increase in TH levels occurring upon exposure to other phytocompounds (e.g., guggulu, several phytosterols, fermented and nonfermented isoflavones, and peel extracts of the fruits of M. indica , C. melo , and C. vulgaris ).…”