Comparative effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) and their combination on growth, rumen ecology and apparent nutrient digestibility in sheep

Abstract

Manipulation of rumen environment using herbal mixtures with antioxidant and antibacterial potentials will improve rumen health and animal productivity. This study undertook to assess the effect of supplementing garlic and ginger powder and their combination on rumen ecology and nutrient utilization of sheep. Sixteen mixed breed rams were allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for 91 days. The four diets were Control (No garlic or ginger powder), gap (garlic powder 2.5 g/kg diet), gip (ginger powder 2.5 g/kg diet) GGP (garlic powder 1.25 g/kg diet + ginger powder 1.25 g/kg diet). Data on rumen ph, metabolites, microbial count, and isolation, nutrient digestibility was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance as provided in the GLM of SPSS (version 23). Results revealed an increase (p<0.05) indaily weight change, rumen total volatile fatty acids (tvfas), acetate, propionate and butyrate, bacteria count, gram-negative bacteria, fungi species such as Rhizopus sp., apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), ash, NDF and ADF with supplementation of garlic and/or ginger and their combination. The combination of garlic and ginger gave a comparative better (p<0.05) result in some of the parameters than either garlic or ginger singly. It was concluded that a combination of 1.25 g/kg diet of garlic and ginger each would achieve an overall better performance of the rumen that feeding 2.5 g/kg diet of garlic or ginger singly. La manipulation de l'environnement du rumen à l'aide de mélanges d'herbes aux potentiels antioxydants et antibactériens améliorera la santé du rumen et la productivité animale. Cette étude a entrepris d'évaluer l'effet de la supplémentation en poudre d'ail et de gingembre et leur combinaison sur l'écologie du rumen et l'utilisation des nutriments des moutons. Seize béliers de races mixtes ont été attribués à quatre régimes expérimentaux dans une conception complètement aléatoire. L'expérience a duré 91 jours. Les quatre régimes étaient Contrôle (sans ail ni gingembre en poudre), le 'gap' (ail en poudre 2.5 g / kg régime), le 'gip' (gingembre en poudre 2.5 g / kg régime) le 'GGP' (ail en poudre 1.25 g / kg régime + gingembre en poudre 1.25 g / kg régime). Les données sur le pH du rumen, les métabolites, la numération microbienne et l'isolement, la digestibilité des nutriments ont été analyses statistiquement en utilisant une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance telle que fournie dans le GLM de SPSS (version 23). Les résultats ont révélé une augmentation (p <0.05) du changement de poids quotidien, des acides gras volatils totaux du rumen (tvfas), de l'acétate, du propionate et du butyrate, du nombre de bactéries, des bactéries gram-négatives, des espèces de champignons comme Rhizopussp., Des digestibilités apparentes de la matière sèche, cendres, le 'NDF' et le 'ADF' avec supplémentation en ail et / ou gingembre et leur combinaison. La combinaison d'ail et de gingembre a donné un meilleur résultat comparative (p <0.05) pour certains des paramètres que l'ail ou le gingembre seuls. Il a été conclu qu'une combinaison de 1.25 g / kg de régime d'ail et de gingembre chacun permettrait d'obtenir une meilleure performance globale du rumen qu'une alimentation de 2.5 g / kg d'ail ou de gingembre séparément.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Ginger and Garlic Mixture on Performance of Ardi Goats under Stressful Conditions

“…However, ADG differed significantly among different weeks (2 nd , 7 th , 11 th weeks) as presented in Fig 1 A. Similarly, garlic powder supplementation up to 1.5% in diet did not affect the final weight and ADG of W est African Dwarf goats (Ikyume et al, 2017). In contrast with the present results, the addition of 2 g of dried garlic improved body weight gain in growing male buffaloes (Hassan and Abdel-Raheem, 2013).…”

“…In line with the present results, the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, aNDF and ADF were not affected by dietary supplementation with 40 g/d garlic powder, while CP digestibility tended to be decreased in beef cows (Wanapat et al, 2013). Additionally, 0.5-1.5% of garlic powder supplementation did not affect the digestion coefficients of DM, CF, EE, Ash, NDF and ADF and decreased CP digestibility in West African Dwarf goats (Ikyume et al, 2017).…”

Potential use of garlic products in ruminant feeding: A review

“…Nonetheless, dietary supplementation with garlic powder improves the growth performance (ADG and FCR) of lambs and calves primarily by increasing feed intake and nutrient digestibility. In contrast to the effects in lambs and calves mentioned above, for goats aged 6 to 7 mo, the provision of 5 to 15 g/kg (DM basis) of garlic powder for 84 d has no effect on growth performance and feed intake and can even decrease the digestibility of CP in a dose-dependent manner ( Ikyume et al., 2017 ). The reasons for this phenomenon are not clear and remain to be further investigated.…”

“…(2017) 10 27 d sheep 22 mo – – – = = = ↑ – – – ↑ – ↑ ↑ Patra et al. (2011) 5, 10 and 15 84 d goats 6–7 mo = = = = = = = ↓ = – – = = = Ikyume et al. (2017) 7.5 150 d calves 2–3 mo ↑ = ↑ = – – – – – – – – – – Balamurugan et al.…”

The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) liquid extract supplemented with whole milk on growth, immune response, antioxidant defence mechanism, and general health of Holstein's calves

“…In addition, it has been reported that ginger supplemented with the diets of pregnant sheep can increase milk yield and components, red and white blood cells (Hendawy et al, 2019). Also, it has been reported by Ikyume et al (2020) that ginger supplemented to sheep diets signi cantly increases daily body weight gain without affecting body weight, hay and concentrate feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio. However, they reported that while the total volatile fatty acids, propionate, acetate and butyrate values increased signi cantly, affected the rumen pH insigni cantly and also did not affect the rumen bacteria, fungi and protozoa populations.…”