Comparative effects of choline chloride and phosphatidycholine on plasma and liver lipid levels in rats fed a choline-deficient high cholesterol diet.

Sugiyama, Kimio; Mochizuki, Chihoko; Muramatsu, Keiichiro

doi:10.3177/jnsv.33.369

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(95)(96)(97)(98) . Sugiyama et al (99) reported a similar trend in rats fed CC with a high cholesterol diet. The authors suggested that CC might have a hypercholesterolaemic effect.…”

Section: Plasma Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 73%

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Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

et al. 2020

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Choline plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology, and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0.59 to 6.22 g/kg diet. Three grams of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)/kg was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by free fatty acids (FFA). In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver triacylglycerol (TAG). Generally, the saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. This study demonstrated that choline-deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, this study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.

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“…(95)(96)(97)(98) . Sugiyama et al (99) reported a similar trend in rats fed CC with a high cholesterol diet. The authors suggested that CC might have a hypercholesterolaemic effect.…”

Section: Plasma Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The authors suggested that CC might have a hypercholesterolaemic effect. However, studies have reported that PC can inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and lowers the plasma cholesterol in animals (100,101) , which suggests that the effect might be dependent on the form of choline (99,101) .…”

Section: Plasma Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

et al. 2020

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“…Similar effects from betaine supplementation on serum lipids have been observed in healthy subjects (42). Other studies have shown that choline-deficient humans (51) and patients receiving parenteral nutrition without choline (52) have low total cholesterol, and choline supplementation in rats increases serum cholesterol (53). These observations suggest that dietary choline increases serum lipids in humans, but conclusive studies in humans have not been conducted (42).…”

Section: Betaine and Serum Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status

Ueland

Holm²,

Hustad³

2005

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

209

154

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Betaine serves as a methyl donor in a reaction converting homocysteine to methionine, catalysed by the enzyme betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. It has been used for years to lower the concentration of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) in patients with homocystinuria, and has recently been shown to reduce fasting and in particular post-methionine load (PML) tHcy in healthy subjects. Betaine exists in plasma at concentrations of about 30 micromol/L; it varies 10-fold (from 9 to 90 micromol/L) between individuals, but the intra-individual variability is small. Major determinants are choline, dimethylglycine and folate in plasma, folic acid intake and gender. Recent studies have demonstrated that plasma betaine is a stronger determinant of PML tHcy than are vitamin B6 and folate. The betaine-PML tHcy relationship is attenuated after supplementation with B-vitamins, and is most pronounced in subjects with low folate. Betaine shows a weaker association with fasting tHcy (than with PML tHcy), and also this association is most pronounced in subjects with low folate. In pregnancy, plasma betaine declines until gestational week 20, and thereafter remains constant. From gestational week 20 onwards, fasting tHcy shows a strong inverse association with plasma betaine, and betaine becomes a stronger predictor than folate of fasting tHcy. To conclude, betaine status is a component of an individual's biochemical make-up with ramifications to one-carbon metabolism. Betaine status should be investigated in pathologies related to altered metabolism of homocysteine and folate, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and neural tube defects.

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“…Additionally, in lactating rat dams, very high intake of free choline (6 times recommendations for rodents) had negative effects on offspring and dams growth, and increased activation of T cells (suggesting immune system disruption) in the dams . Free choline and PC have been reported to have different effects on serum and plasma cholesterol levels, suggesting that PC has antihypercholesterolemic effects compared to feeding free choline in rodents . It has also been hypothesized that the variability in results between rodent and human research examining the role of choline in infant brain development may be due to the different choline forms supplemented or fed in the studies.…”

Section: Different Physiological Effects Of the Forms Of Cholinementioning

confidence: 99%

Should the forms of dietary choline also be considered when estimating dietary intake and the implications for health?

2015

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Although epidemiological studies suggest that populations are not meeting daily recommendations for total choline, they fail to consider the forms of choline in the diet. Aqueous and lipid‐soluble choline forms differ in absorption, metabolism and functions, suggesting that the form matters. It has been demonstrated that the relative amount of these forms of choline can be altered through consuming different foods and using different preparation methods. Evidence suggests that the forms of choline may differentially impact growth, immune function, plasma and serum cholesterol levels and brain development, therefore in addition to estimating the amount total choline in the diet, researchers should also consider what forms of choline are consumed in the diet.

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Comparative effects of choline chloride and phosphatidycholine on plasma and liver lipid levels in rats fed a choline-deficient high cholesterol diet.

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

Betaine: a key modulator of one-carbon metabolism and homocysteine status

Should the forms of dietary choline also be considered when estimating dietary intake and the implications for health?

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