Comparative effects of insect repellentN,N-diethylbenzamide,N,N-diethylphenylacetamide, andN,N-diethyl-3- methylbenzamide aerosols on the breathing pattern and respiratory variables in mice

Abstract

Comparative inhalation toxicity studies of aerosols of insect repellents N,N-diethylbenzamide (DEB), N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA), and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were carried out in mice. The respiratory pattern was monitored using a computer program that recognizes the modifications of the breathing pattern. Exposure to the aerosols caused a dose-dependent decrease in normal breath, with an increase in airway obstruction. All the three insect "sensilla irritants" showed no significant mammalian sensory irritation. The acute LC(50) value for a 4-h exposure of DEB, DEPA, and DEET aerosols in male mice was found to be >2.5 g/m(3), 1714 mg/m(3), and 1369 mg/m(3), respectively. Irreversible depression in respiratory frequency was observed after exposure to DEB aerosol at a concentration of 277 mg/m(3) and above, which did not revert back to normal level even after aerosol exposure was stopped. At a concentration of 156 mg/m(3) of DEB, no respiratory depression was observed. DEPA and DEET caused no depression in respiratory frequency up to a concentration 1292 and 950 mg/m(3), respectively. Hence the two insect repellents DEET and DEPA do not cause any harmful effect to the respiratory parameters in acute exposure, showing that they are more suitable chemicals to be used as insect repellents as compared to DEB.

Effect of dibenz(b,f)-1,4-oxazepine aerosol on the breathing pattern and respiratory variables by continuous recording and analysis in unanaesthetised mice

“…The outgoing air of the exposure chamber was passed through a series of wash bottles containing sodium hydroxide solution and a trap containing activated carbon for removal of chamber air. The whole assembly was housed in a fume hood [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Acute Toxicity Studies of Safer and More Effective Analogues of N,N-Diethyl-2-Phenylacetamide

“…N,N-diethyl-2-phenylacetamide (DEPA) has been reported to be an effective repellent against a number of insects, namely mosquitoes, black ßies, rat ßeas, and stable ßies that are all of public health and veterinary importance (Kalyanasundaram 1982, Kalyanasundaram and Mathew 2006, Kumar et al 1984, Mathur et al 1986, Rao et al 1989. Extensive toxicological studies of DEPA have been reported from Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior (Deb et al 2010). In the current study, various synthesized aromatic amides, which are analogs of DEPA, were evaluated for their toxicity.…”

Oxidative stress and neuromodulatory effects of deltamethrin and its combination with insect repellents in rats

“…Chemical control using synthetic compounds remains a common and useful means of reducing pathogen transmission and protection from mosquito bites . The synthetic repellents like N , N ‐diethyl benzamide (DEB), N , N ‐diethyl phenylacetamide (DEPA), and N , N ‐diethyl metatoluamide (DEET) are used due their high efficacy against mosquitoes . Synthetic repellent made from DEB, DEPA, and DEET is also widely used to prevent agricultural pests, malaria, and dengue vectors .…”

“…The synthetic repellents like N , N ‐diethyl benzamide (DEB), N , N ‐diethyl phenylacetamide (DEPA), and N , N ‐diethyl metatoluamide (DEET) are used due their high efficacy against mosquitoes . Synthetic repellent made from DEB, DEPA, and DEET is also widely used to prevent agricultural pests, malaria, and dengue vectors . These insecticides are designed to repel mosquitoes; topically applied insect repellents especially DEET ( N , N ‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide) can act as an individual protection…”