Comparative effects of prenatal cocaine, alcohol, and undernutrition on maternal/fetal toxicity and fetal body composition in the Sprague-Dawley rat with observations on strain-dependent differences

Church, Michael W.; Morbach, Connie A.; Subramanian, Marappa G.

doi:10.1016/0892-0362(95)00016-k

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Gestation length in the laboratory rat is not affected by cocaine administration, 2–6 but placental abruptions can occur if the dose is high enough. 2 Maternal mortality can also occur with high doses.…”

Section: Maternal Outcomementioning

confidence: 95%

“…We have observed that cocaine administration to pregnant rats results in a dose‐dependent suppression of maternal weight gain and food consumption. 2–6 This is undoubtedly due to cocaine's appetite‐suppressing effects and increased energy demands from cocaine stimulation. Curiously, maternal water consumption is increased over normal levels, starting about the fourth treatment day.…”

Section: Maternal Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Curiously, maternal water consumption is increased over normal levels, starting about the fourth treatment day. 2–6 Cocaine, like some other drugs, may cause diuresis during pregnancy, possibly resulting in such complications as dehydration and electrolyte loss. 6…”

Section: Maternal Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a

Church

Crossland

Holmes

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The illicit use of cocaine has increased dramatically over the last 10-12 years. There has been a corresponding increase in cocaine abuse among obstetric patients and in the number of "cocaine babies." According to some estimates, these children make up more than half of the drug-associated births. This problem is therefore a major public health concern. Consequently, our laboratory investigated the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on hearing, vision, growth, and exploratory/stress behavior. This chapter summarizes the literature on animals and humans on these topics and presents new observations from our laboratory. In terms of maternal toxicity, prenatal cocaine exposure causes hypertension, placental abruption, spontaneous abortion, poor pregnancy weight gain, and undernutrition secondary to appetite suppression. Some offspring effects include in utero growth retardation, cephalic hemorrhage, fetal edema, altered body composition, congenital malformations, and even pre- and postnatal death. The offspring can also exhibit a variety of behavioral, visual, hearing, and language disorders. Differential effects of animal strain and late gestational cocaine exposure are discussed. Comparisons are made between prenatal cocaine, the fetal alcohol syndrome, and the effects of prenatal undernutrition. Recommendations for clinical assessment and intervention are made.

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Section: Maternal Outcomementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Maternal Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a

Church

Crossland

Holmes

et al. 1998

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Previous studies have examined the effects of psychostimulants on fetal growth parameters, the vast majority of these studies have focused on drugs related to amphetamine, such as cocaine or methamphetamine (Church et al, 1995; Middaugh et al, 1996; Campillo et al, 2004; Williams et al, 2004; Slamberova et al, 2006), rather than amphetamine per se. As expected, the current findings that neonatal amphetamine exposure alters the somatic growth of animals are in agreement with previous studies of methamphetamine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamine treatment during early postnatal development transiently restricts somatic growth

Smith

Chen

2010

Life Sciences

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Aims Restricted somatic growth during fetal or early postnatal periods has been suggested to serve as a predictive indicator for neuroanatomical changes and behavioral impairments during adulthood. Here, the effects of d-amphetamine sulphate (AMPH) exposure during the brain growth spurt period on this potential indicator were evaluated. Main Methods Rats received 0, 5, 15 or 25 mg/kg/day of AMPH via two daily intragastric intubations from PD4-9. Body weight data were collected every other day from PD1 to 21, and then weekly until PD59. On PD9, a subset of animals was terminated 90 min after the last amphetamine treatment and the weights of the cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem were collected. Weights of these brain regions from young adult rats were also assessed on PD68. Key Findings AMPH exposure during early postnatal development limited somatic growth in a dose-related manner, with significantly lower body weights in animals assigned to the AMPH 25 and AMPH 15 groups. However, this was transient in nature, with no significant difference in weight observed after pups were weaned on PD21. Further, no differences in brain weight were observed at either age as a result of AMPH exposure. Significance These findings support the idea that developmental AMPH exposure transiently restricts somatic growth. Moreover, the lack of effect on brain weight shows that AMPH differentially affects somatic and brain growth. The current findings suggest that in addition to the immediate effects on body weight, amphetamine may alter the rate of growth, and increase the risk for weight-related adult diseases.

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] For instance, such information can assist in making a diagnosis of neonatal drug withdrawal, and can help focus the treatment and the follow-up plans for the neonate. 11 Currently, meconium is the most common source used for detecting fetal drug exposure, [12][13][14][15][16] but meconium testing has certain drawbacks and limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using umbilical cord tissue to detect fetal exposure to illicit drugs: a multicentered study in Utah and New Jersey

et al. 2008

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Objective:We assessed umbilical cord tissue as a means of detecting fetal exposure to five classes of drugs of abuse.Study Design: In a multicentered study in Utah and New Jersey, we collected umbilical cord tissue when high-risk criteria were met for maternal illicit drug use. The deidentified umbilical cord specimens were analyzed for five drug classes: methamphetamine, opiates, cocaine, cannabinoids and phencyclidine. For each umbilical cord specimen, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based screening test was compared with a 'gold standard' test, consisting of gas or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Result: A total of 498 umbilical cord samples were analyzed of which 157 (32%) were positive using mass spectrometric detection. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA-based test for each class of drugs tested were as follows: methamphetamine 97 and 97%, opiates 90 and 98%, cocaine 90 and 100%, cannabinoids 96 and 98% and phencyclidine (only 1 of the 498 umbilical cord sample was positive for phencyclidine) 100 and 100%. Conclusion:We judge that the performances of the ELISA-based tests are sufficient for clinical testing of fetal exposure to methamphetamine, opiates, cocaine and cannabinoids. Studies obtained on umbilical cord tissue can result in a more rapid return to the clinician than meconium testing, because waiting for meconium to be passed sometimes requires many days. Moreover, in some cases the meconium is passed in utero making collection impossible, whereas umbilical cord tissue should always be available for drug testing.

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Comparative effects of prenatal cocaine, alcohol, and undernutrition on maternal/fetal toxicity and fetal body composition in the Sprague-Dawley rat with observations on strain-dependent differences

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a

Amphetamine treatment during early postnatal development transiently restricts somatic growth

Using umbilical cord tissue to detect fetal exposure to illicit drugs: a multicentered study in Utah and New Jersey

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Comparative effects of prenatal cocaine, alcohol, and undernutrition on maternal/fetal toxicity and fetal body composition in the Sprague-Dawley rat with observations on strain-dependent differences

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behaviora

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behaviora

Amphetamine treatment during early postnatal development transiently restricts somatic growth

Using umbilical cord tissue to detect fetal exposure to illicit drugs: a multicentered study in Utah and New Jersey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a

Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior^a