Comparative effects of tretamine, tepa, apholate and their structural analogs on human chromosomes in vitro

Chang, Tsueng-Hsing; Klassen, Waldemar

doi:10.1007/bf00336199

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similar chromosomal damage by aziridines and phosphoramides in A. aegypti and in human cells in vitro have been reported by several authors (Rai 1964, George and Brown 1967, Chang and Elequin 1967, Chang and Klassen 1968. The dis tribution of apholate-induced breaks was non-random.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Also there is a possibility that some of the chromosome breaks might have undergone repair during the secondary division cycle and thus in the cytologi cal preparation only those breaks that persist over several division cycles are seen. Such repairs have been observed in WI-38 cells and in human leucocytes cultures after treatment with several alkylating agents (Chang andElequin 1967, Chang and.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The degree of induction of sterility can not be directly correlated to chromosome breakage effects. Chang and Klassen (1968) found that hempa in human leucocytes induced only 14% chromosomal aberrations as compared to 89% induced by apholate even at 1000-fold greater molar concent ration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

1973

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Studies on the potential use of induced sterility in insect control have resulted in the discovery of a large number of chemicals having effect on fertility and fecun dity of many species of insects. While the cumulative effect of these compounds lead to sterility their mode of action at cellular level is not yet clear. Many chemosterilants belonging to aziridinyl compounds, phosphoramides and s-tri azines are known to cause cytogenetic damage in the reproductive or embryonic tissues of insects (LaChance et al. 1968, Morgan 1967, Cline 1968, Reinecke et al. 1969). In addition, a similar damage to the brain cells of Aedes aegypti (L.) has been observed by larval treatment of apholate and hempa (Rai 1964, Sharma and Rai 1969, George and Brown 1967. As a result of these studies a concept has evolved that cytogenetic damage caused by chemicals is some how related to sterility (LaChance et a1. 1968).In our earlier studies, a number of alkylating and non-alkylating chemosteri lants were shown to induce sterility in Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. . The present investigations were, therefore, aimed to elucidate a cytogenetic basis of such chemosterilant-induced sterility in C. p. fatigans by detailed studies involving their effects on somatic, reproductive and embryonic tissues, and on DNA synthesis in the gonads. The present paper deals with the effects of apholate, metepa and hempa on the somatic chromosomes. Materials and methodsThe mosquitoes for the present studies were drawn from a Delhi strain of C. p. fatigans established in our laboratory since 1965 (Pillai and Grover 1969). The chemosterilants employed were as follows: 1) Apholate-2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-hexahydro-2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-hexakis (1-aziridinyl)-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 triazatriphosphorine, 2) Metepa-tris (2-methyl-l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide, and 3) Hempa-Hexamethyl phosphoric triamide.Mid-forth instar larvae (65 hrs old) were used for preparing somatic chromo somes of the brain following the squash technique of Breland (1961) modified by French et al. (1962). The karyotype studies were made by employing the modified mammalian chromosome technique of Lewis and Riles (1960) and chromosome measurements were made according to the procedure used by Baker and Aslamkhan (1969). Rapid cell divisions were found to occur in the brain cells of the larvae

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

1973

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“…It is known to produce a high frequency of recessive lethal mutations in the sperm of the parasitic wasp, Bracon hebetor (PALMQUIST and LACHANCE 1966), to cause mutations in Drosophilu melanogaster (BENES and SRAM 1969), and induce lysis in lysogenic Escherichiu coli (h) (ZETTERBERG 1971). It is also an effective producer of chromo-soma1 aberrations in plant root tips (NINAN and WILSON 1969), and in human leucocytes, in vitro (CHANG and KLASSEN 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome-breaking capacity of tepa and analogues in Vicia faba and Chinese hamster cells

Sturelid

2009

Hereditas

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The insect chemosterilant tris(l‐aziridinyl)phosphine oxide, tepa, with three aziridinyl groups, six tepa analogues with two aziridinyl groups and carbon chains of varying length, one monoaziridinyl analogue of tepa, and hempa with no aziridinyl group have been tested for chromosome‐breaking ability in root tips of Vicia faba and in cell cultures of Chinese hamster. The difunctional analogues proved to be as active as tepa in both materials; the monofunctional analogue was less effective and hempa produced no effect. The hamster cells proved to be 23 times more sensitive than the bean roots to the chromosome‐breaking effect of tepa. In the hamster cells the chromatid break was the most frequent type of aberration. Incomplete chromosomal aberrations were more numerous in the hamster cells than in the root tips. Combined treatments with tepa and [3H]‐thymidine were performed to determine the sensitivity of the various phases of the mitotic cycle to the chromosome‐breaking effect in the two materials. Treatment with tepa induced only chromatid‐type aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations at the first mitosis (T1) were observed only in cells treated with tepa while in the DNA synthesis (S) and pre‐synthetic (G1) periods, but not in the post‐synthetic (G2) period. In the second mitosis (T2), G2 cells which were visibly undamaged at T1 mitosis, contained chromatid‐type aberrations. The frequency of aberrations observed in T2 mitosis was higher than in T1 mitosis. Thus, although tepa produces lesions in chromosomes independently of cell phase at the time of treatment, these lesions apparently require a period of DNA synthesis before they are converted to chromatid aberrations observable in the following mitosis.

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“…Post-replicate repair mechanisms, through specific error prone pathways may convert chromosome breaks that occurred within "rejoining distance" into more complex rearrangements in chromosome structure such as chromatid exchanges and dicentric chromosomes (Obe et al, 2002). Insect chemosterilants tepa and apholate were first pesticides proved to affect morphology of human chromosomes in 1968 (Chang & Klassen, 1968). They were followed by insecticides propane sultone, aldicarb, malathion, fungicides ziram, thiram, herbicides 2,4-D, symazine and others.…”

Section: Chromosomal Aberration Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approaches in Genetic Toxicology of Pesticides by Applying Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique

Želježić¹,

Mladinić²

2011

Pesticides - The Impacts of Pesticides Exposure

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Comparative effects of tretamine, tepa, apholate and their structural analogs on human chromosomes in vitro

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

Chromosome-breaking capacity of tepa and analogues in Vicia faba and Chinese hamster cells

Novel Approaches in Genetic Toxicology of Pesticides by Applying Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Technique

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