Comparative Efficacy of an Imidacloprid/Flumethrin Collar (Seresto®) and an Oral Fluralaner Chewable Tablet (Bravecto®) against Tick (Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma americanum) Infestations on Dogs: a Randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

This controlled laboratory study demonstrated the residual speed of efficacy of an imidacloprid/ flumethrin collar (Seresto ® , Bayer) for the control of ticks (Dermacentor variabilis, Amblyomma americanum) at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation on dogs when compared to oral fluralaner (Bravecto ® , Merck). Dogs were randomised by pre-treatment tick counts: Group 1) imidacloprid 10 % (w/w)/ flumethrin 4.5 % (w/w) collar, 2) fluralaner (dosage 25.1 -49.4 mg/kg), and 3) non-treated controls. Ticks (50/species/dog) were infested on days 3, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 followed by 50 D. variabilis on days 70 and 84. Live and dead attached ticks were counted 6 and 12 hours later. Efficacy against both species at 6 and 12 hours for Group 1 was 94 -100 %. Efficacy for Group 2 against both species at 6 hours was 4 -69 %; efficacy at 12 hours was 8 -100 %. Live (attached and non-attached) tick counts at 6 hours in Group 1 were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) than counts in Group 2 and 3 on all days. At 12 hours, live counts were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in Group 1 than Group 2 for D. variabilis from days 56 -84 and for A. americanum from days 28 -56. There were significantly fewer (p ≤ 0.05) total ticks (total live and dead attached) on dogs in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and 3 at all time points. This study demonstrated that an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar was highly efficacious (94 -100 %) at repelling and killing ticks on dogs at 6 and 12 hours post-infestation and was more efficacious than fluralaner as early as 6 hours post-infestation on all challenge days. S95Ectopar asitEs

Repellency effect of flumethrin pour-on formulation against vectors of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever

“…The protection time of these animals against ticks was estimated at 28-48 days. The repellent rate of flumethrin was estimated at > 2 months under field conditions (19)(20)(21)(22). In a study in Namibia of sheep contaminated with Hyalomma truncatum treated with 1% flumethrin pour-on, ticks disappeared for 4 weeks and full protection was provided (23).…”

Data collection for risk assessments on animal health (Acronym: DACRAH) : Final Report

“…The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. (Ohmes et al, 2015) Substance is very toxic to aquatic life, is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects and is harmful if swallowed.…”

“…External usecollar/ear tag imidacloprid 10 % /flumethrin 4.5 % collars offered a mean efficacy against Dermacentor variabilis of 1 42 days post-treatment (Kunkle et al, 2012b) External usetopic/spray A combination of Imidacloprid/Permethrin had a mortality effect (48h post-exposure) against Dermacentor variabilis of 0.75 2 days post-treatment A combination of imidacloprid 10 % and permethrin 50 % had an efficacy against Dermacentor reticulatus of 0.23 36 days posttreatment (Tielemans et al, 2010) A combination of imidacloprid/permethrin retained an efficacy of 0.52 against Dermacentor reticulatus 44 days posttreatment Flumethrin (Ohmes et al, 2015) External usecollar/ear tag imidacloprid 10 % /flumethrin 4.5 % collars offered a mean efficacy against Dermacentor variabilis of 1 42 days post-treatment Metaflumizone EC 604-167-6 (Tielemans et al, 2010) Substance is very toxic to aquatic life, is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects and may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.…”

Field trial investigating the efficacy of a long-acting imidacloprid 10%/flumethrin 4.5% polymer matrix collar (Seresto®, Elanco) compared to monthly topical fipronil for the chemoprevention of canine tick-borne pathogens in Cambodia

“…isoxazoline compounds. Systemic ectoparasiticides are ingested at the point of vector feeding, subsequently killing the ectoparasite whilst at the same time also providing a timeframe over which some TBP can be transmitted ( Ohmes et al., 2015 ; Jongejan et al., 2016 ). The TBP blocking ability of topical products that rely on chemicals present on the skin of the dog, thereby repelling and/or quickly killing ectoparasites, has been experimentally demonstrated via challenge infections to be superior to products that rely on systemic chemical uptake for the prevention of TBP transmission, e.g.…”

“…The two active chemicals in Seresto® collars act synergistically to augment the neurotoxic effects of either alone, on insect and arachnid nervous systems ( Stanneck et al., 2012a ). A further advantage of these collars is their purported 8-month efficacy, which results in improved owner compliance when compared to products which offer shorter-term protection and therefore need regular administration ( Stanneck et al., 2012c ; Dantas-Torres et al., 2013 ; Ohmes et al., 2015 ).…”