Comparative efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and diminazene aceturate for the treatment of babesiosis in horses

Rashid, Hamad Bin; Chaudhry, Mamoona; Rashid, Haroon; Pervez, Khalid; Khan, Muhammad Arif; Mahmood, Asim

doi:10.1007/s11250-007-9121-2

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…RM-1-152 evaluations were conducted in quadruplicates. ID, clindamycin hydrochloride (CL) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), both at 20 μM were used as Babesia- cidal and -static controls, respectively (Arai et al, 1998; Brasseur et al, 1998; Rashid et al, 2008) while NT was included as the negative control. Culture media were changed daily and 50 μl was collected from each condition for real time PCR analysis at designated time points described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumped kinase inhibitor prohibits egression in Babesia bovis

Pedroni

Vidadala

Choi

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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Babesiosis is a global zoonotic disease acquired by the bite of a Babesia-infected Ixodes tick or through blood transfusion with clinical relevance affecting humans and animals. In this study, we evaluated a series of small molecule compounds that have previously been shown to target specific apicomplexan enzymes in Plasmodium, Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium. The compounds, bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), have strong therapeutic potential targeting apicomplexa-specific calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs). We investigated if BKIs also show inhibitory activities against piroplasms such as Babesia. Using a subset of BKIs that have promising inhibitory activities to Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, we determined that their actions ranged from 100% and no inhibition against B. bovis blood stages. One specific BKI, RM-1-152, showed complete inhibition against B. bovis within 48h and was the only BKI that showed noticeable phenotypic changes to the parasites. Focusing our study on this BKI, we further demonstrated that RM-1-152 has Babesia-static activity and involves the prohibition of merozoite egress while replication and re-invasion of host cells are unaffected. The distinct, abnormal phenotype induced by RM-1-152 suggests that this BKI can be used to investigate less studied cellular processes such as egression in piroplasm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumped kinase inhibitor prohibits egression in Babesia bovis

Pedroni

Vidadala

Choi

et al. 2016

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…60 Diminazene aceturate and diaminazene diaceturate have been used with success against T. equi and B. caballi at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg IM every 48 hours for 2 treatments. 134 Diminazene aceturate is more effective than diaminazene diaceturate, but both drugs have been reported to cause significant injection site muscle damage. Efficacy of both drugs increases with the 2nd dosage, yet no chemosterilization has been reported.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Equine Piroplasmosis

Wise

Kappmeyer

Mealey

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

216

243

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Equine piroplasmosis is caused by one of 2 erythrocytic parasites Babesia caballi or Theileria equi. Although the genus of the latter remains controversial, the most recent designation, Theileria, is utilized in this review. Shared pathogenesis includes tick-borne transmission and erythrolysis leading to anemia as the primary clinical outcome. Although both parasites are able to persist indefinitely in their equid hosts, thus far, only B. caballi transmits across tick generations. Pathogenesis further diverges after transmission to equids in that B. caballi immediately infects erythrocytes, whereas T. equi infects peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The recent re-emergence of T. equi in the United States has increased awareness of these tick-borne pathogens, especially in terms of diagnosis and control. This review focuses in part on factors leading to the re-emergence of infection and disease of these globally important pathogens.

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“…Reason for the failure of diminazene aceturate therapy may be due to the treatment interval. Success alleviation of clinical signs has been reported when diminazene aceturate was given at 3.5 mg/kg IM twice at 48 hour intervals (Rashid et al, 2008). Ivermectine was given against ticks, dextrose water administered, provided energy to the weak foal and vitamin B complex was given to enhance appetite and boost the immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Babesia caballi</i> infection in a 6-month-old colt

Ememe¹,

Onyegbula²,

Egwuogu³

et al. 2018

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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On the 15 th of August 2016, a 6-month-old colt weighing 118 kg was presented to the large animal clinic of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. The colt showed clinical signs including fever, weakness, inappetence, anaemia, tachycardia, dyspnoea, rough hair coat, pale mucus membranes, lacrimation, ataxia and edematous swelling of distal limbs. Rhipicephalus eversti eversti ticks were detected on different parts of the colt's body. Examination of peripheral blood smear showed Babesia caballi within the erythrocytes. Haematological analysis showed a decrease in red blood cell count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration. Administration of imidocarb dipropionate and good nursing care yielded a successful result after two weeks of treatment. It is necessary to control ticks by regular use of acaricide and timely treatment of affected horses in order to reduce the devastating effects of this protozoan disease.

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Comparative efficacy of diminazene diaceturate and diminazene aceturate for the treatment of babesiosis in horses

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

Bumped kinase inhibitor prohibits egression in Babesia bovis

Bumped kinase inhibitor prohibits egression in Babesia bovis

Review of Equine Piroplasmosis

<i>Babesia caballi</i> infection in a 6-month-old colt

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