Comparative efficacy of n−3 and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in modulating ventricular fibrillation threshold in marmoset monkeys

McLennan, Peter L; Bridle, Thelma M.; Abeywardena, Mahinda Y.; Charnock, John S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.5.666

Cited by 111 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A wealth of evidence has accumulated for the efficacy of dietary FO in reducing CVD risk since the initial observation that Greenland Eskimos consuming a high fat diet, containing large amounts of FO, had lower death rates from CVD compared with their counterparts in Denmark [3]. Various animal models have produced similar results including pigs, monkeys, rats, dogs and mice [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the cardioprotective benefits of FO including reduced blood pressure, decreased thrombosis, decreased arrhythmias, decreased inflammation, decreased endothelial activation, and decreased plasma TG concentration [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echium oil reduces plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in apoB100-only LDL receptor knockout mice

Zhang

Boudyguina

Wilson

et al. 2008

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with Echium oil (EO), which is enriched in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3), the product of Δ-6 desaturation of 18:3 n-3, will decrease plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and result in conversion of SDA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the liver. Mildly hypertriglyceridemic mice (apoB100-only LDLr KO) were fed a basal diet containing 10% calories as palm oil (PO) and 0.2% cholesterol for 4 wks, after which they were randomly assigned to experimental diets consisting of the basal diet plus supplementation of 10% of calories as PO, EO, or fish oil (FO) for 8 wks. The EO and FO experimental diets decreased plasma TG and VLDL lipid concentration, and hepatic TG content compared to PO and there was a significant correlation between hepatic TG content and plasma TG concentration among diet groups. EO fed mice had plasma and liver lipid EPA enrichment that was greater than PO fed mice but less than FO fed mice. Down regulation of several genes involved in hepatic TG bio-synthesis was similar for mice fed EO and FO and significantly lower compared to those fed PO. In conclusion, EO may provide a botanical alternative to FO for reduction of plasma TG concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echium oil reduces plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in apoB100-only LDL receptor knockout mice

Zhang

Boudyguina

Wilson

et al. 2008

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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“…Biochemical research revealed that the very long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 VLCPUFA), abundantly present in ®sh fat, are potent modulators of human metabolism. Among numerous metabolic effects, n-3 VLCPUFA lower fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants, and they modify the eicosanoid pro®le and cardiac excitability in a way that might lead to a reduced risk of CHD (Harris, 1989;Dyerberg, 1981;Schacky et al, 1985;Nordùy et al, 1994;McLennan et al, 1993;Kang & Leaf, 1994). Potentially athero-and thrombogenic effects have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Marckmann¹,

1999

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Objectives: To review all prospective cohort studies examining the relationship between ®sh intake and coronary heart disease mortality, and to assess the strength and consistency of their ®ndings. Design: Systematic review of studies based on individual records of ®sh or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption and coronary heart disease death. Studies were given scienti®c quality scores and divided into categories of high, intermediate, or insuf®cient quality. Main outcome measure: Coronary heart disease mortality. Results: Eleven studies were identi®ed. The cohorts counted a total of 116 764 individuals. Of four studies judged to be of high quality, the two largest (n 44 895 and 20 051) were performed in populations at low risk of coronary heart disease. They found no protective effect of ®sh consumption. The other two high-quality studies were relatively small (n 852 and 1822) and included individuals at higher risk. They both found an inverse relationship between ®sh consumption and coronary heart disease death, suggesting that 40 ± 60 g ®sh per day is optimal and associated with a risk reduction of 40 ± 60%. Results of four studies of intermediate quality support that ®sh consumption is inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality in high-risk populations only. Three studies were judged to be of insuf®cient quality to be used for drawing conclusions. Conclusions: Fish consumption is not associated with reduced coronary heart disease mortality in low-risk populations. However, ®sh consumption at 40 ± 60 g daily is associated with markedly reduced coronary heart disease mortality in high-risk populations. The underlying biochemical mechanism is not known and causal inference premature.

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“…10 Possible effects of Ͻ1 g EPA and DHA on platelet aggregation, endothelial function, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers are poorly understood. Original observations in experimental myocardial infarction 11 and later studies by McLennan et al [12][13][14] in rats and monkeys suggested that omega-3 FAs had a direct protective effect on the heart itself. In a dog model of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, 15 infused omega-3 FAs reduced the number of potentially fatal arrhythmias.…”

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confidence: 98%

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiac Biopsies From Heart Transplantation Patients

et al. 2004

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Background-Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) appear to reduce the risk of sudden death from myocardial infarction. This reduction is believed to occur via the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the myocardium itself, altering the dynamics of sodium and calcium channel function. The extent of incorporation has not been determined in humans. Methods and Results-We first determined the correlation between red blood cell (RBC) and cardiac omega-3 FA levels in 20 heart transplant recipients. We then examined the effects of 6 months of omega-3 FA supplementation (1 g responses among tissues were not significantly different). Conclusions-Although any of the tissues examined could serve as a surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA content, RBC EPAϩDHA was highly correlated with cardiac EPAϩDHA; the RBC omega-3 response to supplementation was similar to that of the heart; RBCs are easily collected and analyzed; and they have a less variable FA composition than plasma. Therefore, RBC EPAϩDHA (also called the Omega-3 Index) may be the preferred surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA status.

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Comparative efficacy of n−3 and n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in modulating ventricular fibrillation threshold in marmoset monkeys

Cited by 111 publications

References 11 publications

Echium oil reduces plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in apoB100-only LDL receptor knockout mice

Echium oil reduces plasma lipids and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in apoB100-only LDL receptor knockout mice

Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality. A systematic review of prospective cohort studies

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiac Biopsies From Heart Transplantation Patients

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