Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Huang, Xiuxiu; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Li, Bei; Cai, Ying; Zhang, Shifang; Wan, Qiaoqin; Yu, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.003

Cited by 175 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(190 reference statements)

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“…However, due to non-linear association between different types of resistance exercise (e.g., hypertrophic or power training) and their effectiveness on cognition, the intensity at each session should be considered according to the type of resistance exercise (Daniel Gallardo-Gomez et al, 2022 ). To effectively impact cognitive function in older adults, training with resistance exercise cluster, resistance bands and body-and-free weights and machines in older adults should be done in volumes between 474 and 77 METs-min/week, 78–679 METs-min/week and 529–891 METs-min/week, respectively (Huang et al, 2021 ; Daniel Gallardo-Gomez et al, 2022 ). In addition to the volume, increasing the speed of repetitions, or power, can further increase effectiveness (Sayers and Gibson, 2014 ; Cadore and Izquierdo, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent meta-analysis and review studies concluded that strength training benefits functional brain changes and increases cognitive function in both healthy or cognitively impaired adults and older adults (Li et al, 2018 ; Herold et al, 2019 ; Landrigan et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2021 ). Most recently, Daniel Gallardo-Gomez et al ( 2022 ) in a review and meta-analysis study suggested superior impact of strength training on cognition compared to other modalities such as aerobic exercise in older adults (Daniel Gallardo-Gomez et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strength-Cognitive Training: A Systemic Review in Adults and Older Adults, and Guidelines to Promote “Strength Exergaming” Innovations

2022

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BackgroundDespite functional and cognitive benefits, few adults and older adults do strength training twice per week with sufficient intensity. Exercise-based active video games (exergaming) may amplify the cognitive benefits of exercise and increase adherence and motivation toward training. However, the benefits of a well-defined and monitored dose of strength training, executed simultaneously or sequentially with a cognitive element, has received little attention. In this study we have two aims: First, to systematically gather the available evidence; second, to suggest possible ways to promote strength exergaming innovations.MethodsWe systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials using simultaneous or sequent combined strength and cognitive training or strength exergaming to improve cognitive or functional outcomes in adults and older adults.ResultsAfter screening 1,785 studies (Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore Library, PsycARTICLES, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PubMed) we found three eligible studies. Of the two studies using sequent strength and cognitive training, one showed improved functionality, but the other showed negative effects on cognition. The third study using simultaneous intervention, reported a positive influence on both cognition and function, when compared with either strength training alone or a control group. Moderate level of evidence was showed on GRADE analysis.ConclusionThe existing little evidence suggests that strength and cognitive training improves cognition and function in adults and older adults. The following suggestions may help to promote further innovation: (1) ensure minimal dosage of strength training (30–60 min, 2 × /week), (2) use machine-based strength training devices to control volume and intensity (to prevent cognitive components from interfering with strength training), (3) include power training by using cognitive tasks requiring rapid reactions, and (4) add cognitive memory tasks (to extend the cognitive benefits of strength training per se), and (5) include motivational exergame elements to increase adherence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength-Cognitive Training: A Systemic Review in Adults and Older Adults, and Guidelines to Promote “Strength Exergaming” Innovations

2022

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“…There is currently no high-quality evidence to support pharmacological treatments for MCI 2. However, there is ample evidence showing that cognitive training is a significant modifiable risk factor for MCI or dementia 5–11. Only recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that evidence-based suggestions on AD prevention include cognitive activity 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computerised cognitive training tools and online nutritional group counselling for people with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol of a completely digital, randomised, controlled trial

et al. 2022

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IntroductionPeople with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at increased risk of decreasing cognitive functioning. Computerised cognitive training (CCT) and nutrition have been shown to improve the cognitive capacities of people with MCI. For each variable, we developed two kinds of interventions specialised for people with MCI (CCT: ‘individualised’ CCT; nutrition: a whole-food, plant-based diet). Additionally, there are two kinds of active control measures (CCT: ‘basic’ CCT; nutrition: a healthy diet following the current guidelines of the German Nutrition Society). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the two interventions on cognition in people with MCI in a 2×2 randomised controlled trial with German participants.Methods and analysisParticipants will be community-dwelling individuals with a psychometric diagnosis of MCI based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination. With N=200, effects with an effect size of f≥0.24 (comparable to Cohen’s d≥0.48) can be detected. Screening, baseline, t6 and t12 testing will be conducted via a videoconferencing assessment, telephone, and online survey. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of four groups and will receive a combination of CCT and online nutritional counselling. The CCT can be carried out independently at home on a computer, laptop, or tablet. Nutrition counselling includes 12 online group sessions every fortnight for 1.5 hours. The treatment phase is 6 months with follow-ups after six and 12 months after baseline.Ethics and disseminationAll procedures were approved by the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Ethics Committee (Ref. 21-318-1-B). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, conference presentations.Trial registration numberISRCTN10560738.

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“…Beside the type of exercise that is used for the training intervention (e.g., aerobic and/or resistance exercise), general exercise variables (e.g., intensity and duration of a single exercise session), and training variables (e.g., frequency and total intervention duration), the relationship between physical training and cognitive performance has been shown to be influenced by the cognitive domain or ability (e.g., executive function and memory) assessed by the used specific cognitive test ( Zheng et al, 2016 ; Northey et al, 2018 ; Herold et al, 2019 ; Pontifex et al, 2019 ; Huang et al, 2021 ). In this regard, cognitive tests could be categorized according to the specific cognitive ability they purport to quantify ( Pontifex et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2022

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Background: It was recently shown that intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) applied prior to a multimodal training program promoted additional improvements in cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients compared to physical training only. However, there is a gap in the literature to which extent the addition of IHHE can enhance the effects of an aerobic training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of IHHE applied prior to aerobic cycling exercise on cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients.Methods: In a randomized, two-armed, controlled, and single-blinded trial, 25 geriatric patients (77–94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention group (IG) and sham control group (CG). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic training using a motorized cycle ergometer, three times a week for 20 min per day. The IG was additionally exposed to intermittent hypoxic and hyperoxic periods for 30 min prior to exercise. The CG followed the similar procedure breathing sham hypoxia and hyperoxia (i.e., normoxia). Within 1 week before and after the interventions, cognitive performance was assessed with the Dementia-Detection Test (DemTect) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), while physical performance was measured using the Timed “Up and Go” Test (TUG) and the Short-Physical-Performance-Battery (SPPB).Results: No interaction effect was found with respect to the DemTect (ηp2 = 0.02). An interaction effect with medium effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was found for CDT performance with a higher change over time for IG (d = 0.57) compared to CG (d = 0.05). The ANCOVA with baseline-adjustment indicated between-group differences with a large and medium effect size at post-test for the TUG (ηp2 = 0.29) and SPPB (ηp2 = 0.06) performance, respectively, in favour of the IG. Within-group post-hoc analysis showed that the TUG performance was worsened in the CG (d = 0.65) and remained unchanged in the IG (d = 0.19). Furthermore, SPPB performance was increased (d = 0.58) in IG, but no relevant change over time was found for CG (d = 0.00).Conclusion: The current study suggests that an additional IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise seems to be more effective to increase global cognitive functions as well as physical performance and to preserve functional mobility in geriatric patients in comparison to aerobic exercise alone after a 6-week intervention period.

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Comparative efficacy of various exercise interventions on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Cited by 175 publications

References 112 publications

Strength-Cognitive Training: A Systemic Review in Adults and Older Adults, and Guidelines to Promote “Strength Exergaming” Innovations

Strength-Cognitive Training: A Systemic Review in Adults and Older Adults, and Guidelines to Promote “Strength Exergaming” Innovations

Computerised cognitive training tools and online nutritional group counselling for people with mild cognitive impairment: study protocol of a completely digital, randomised, controlled trial

Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial

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