Comparative Efficiency of Six Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Traps

Taylor, David B.; Berkebile, Dennis R.

doi:10.1603/0022-0493-99.4.1415

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…and Tabanus spp.) was compatible to those obtained in other studies on the Nzi trap efficiency [42, 43] and allowed for a very effective mechanical transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand

Camoin

Kocher

Chalermwong

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Surra, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, is a widely distributed animal trypanosomosis; it affects both domestic and wild mammals with high economic impact. Clinical picture is moderate in bovines but severe in equids. Surra is also an important constraint for international animal trade and movements. Despite its impact, surra remains poorly diagnosed because of low sensitivity tests. To improve epidemiological knowledge of the disease and to secure international movement, efficient diagnosis tools are required. Here, we optimized and applied to equids the OIE-recommended indirect ELISA T. evansi that was validated in other species. Based on 96 positive and 1,382 negative horse reference samples from Thailand, a TG-ROC analysis was conducted to define the cutoff value. ELISA's sensitivity and specificity were estimated at 97.5% and 100%, respectively, qualifying the test to provide a reliable immune status of equids. The test was then applied on 1,961 horse samples from 18 Thai Provinces; the only scarce positives suggested that horses do not constitute a reservoir of T. evansi in Thailand. All samples from racing horses were negative. Conversely, two outbreaks of surra reported to our laboratory, originating from a bovine reservoir, exhibited high morbidity and lethality rates in horses. Finally, posttreatment follow-ups of infected animals allowed us to provide outbreak management guidelines.

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“…and Tabanus spp.) was compatible to those obtained in other studies on the Nzi trap efficiency [42, 43] and allowed for a very effective mechanical transmission.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand

Camoin

Kocher

Chalermwong

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Since stable flies infrequently associate with their hosts, feeding only 1 to 2 times per day, on-animal and pesticide applications are less effective control efforts than those that integrate sanitation practices with fly population suppression by way of traps [30]. Given the importance of chemosensory and vision pathways, repellents have been identified that target stable fly chemosensory inputs and current trap technologies exploit stable fly visual attraction [31][32][33]. However, despite these efforts, consistent control of stable fly populations remains challenging and development of novel control mechanisms is greatly needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

et al. 2021

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Background The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were manually curated to characterize genetic features related to stable fly reproduction, vector host interactions, host-microbe dynamics, and putative targets for control. Most notable was characterization of genes associated with reproduction and identification of expanded gene families with functional associations to vision, chemosensation, immunity, and metabolic detoxification pathways. Conclusions The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome followed by RNA-Seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the biology of this important pest. These resources and new data will provide the groundwork for expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (horn flies and Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (house flies, medflies, Drosophila) will facilitate understanding of the evolutionary processes associated with development of blood feeding among the Cyclorrhapha.

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“…The lower transcript abundance of Stomoxys Rh6 relative to Drosophila could reflect a partial (but pronounced) replacement of ancestral Rh6 expression in R8 photoreceptors by the blue-sensitive Rh5 opsin or members of the Rh1 gene cluster. Of possible significance in this context, stable flies exhibit strong positive phototaxis in response to UV-and blue range light sources [22, 23, 111, 112]. Moreover, positive phototaxis to blue light increases in female flies after fertilization [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Pu¹,

Aksoy²,

et al. 2019

Preprint

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57Background: The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that 58 has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product 59 loss in the United States alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary 60 management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic 61 and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable 62 flies. 63 64 Results: This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality 65 genome sequencing, microbiome analyses, and RNA-seq analyses targeting multiple 66 developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, manual curation of over 1600 genes was 67 used to examine gene content related to stable fly reproduction, interactions with their host, 68 host-microbe dynamics, and putative routes for control. Most notable was establishment of 69 reproduction-associated genes and identification of expanded vision, chemosensation, immune 70 repertoire, and metabolic detoxification pathway gene families. 71 72 Conclusions: The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome 73 followed by RNA-seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the 74 biology of this important pest. These resources and knowledge will provide the groundwork for 75 expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of 76 Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (medflies, Drosophila, 77 house flies) will allow for understanding the evolution of blood feeding among Cyclorrhapha 78 flies. 79 80 immunity 83 Additional File 1: Supplementary Material; Additional File 2: Supplementary Tables 84 Supplementary Dataset Files: 10 85 109 or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, association between specific vector and 110 pathogen is not necessary) of Equine infectious anemia, African swine fever, West Nile, and Rift 111 Valley Viruses, Trypanosoma spp., and Besnoitia spp. (reviewed by [13]). The apparent low 112 vector competence of stable flies implicates the importance of immune system pathways not 113 only in regulating larval survival in microbe-rich environments but also in the inability of 114 pathogens to survive and replicate in the adult midgut following ingestion [14-16]. 115 Stable fly mate location and recognition are largely dependent upon visual cues and contact 116 pheromones [17, 18], and gravid females identify suitable oviposition sites through a 117 combination of olfactory and contact chemostimuli along with physical cues [19, 20]. Since 118 stable flies infrequently associate with their hosts, feeding only 1 to 2 times per day, on-animal 119 5 and pesticide applications are less effective control efforts than those that integrate sanitation 120 practices with fly population suppression by way of traps [21]. Given the importance of 121 chemosensory and vision pathways, repellents have been ident...

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Comparative Efficiency of Six Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Traps

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand

The Indirect ELISA Trypanosoma evansi in Equids: Optimisation and Application to a Serological Survey including Racing Horses, in Thailand

The genome of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals potential mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

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