Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias

Abstract

Objective Species‐related differences in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcome of neonatal illness may impact management practices of neonatal intensive care. The study aimed to elucidate similarities between disease manifestations and mortality risks of critically ill (CI) neonatal crias and foals admitted to the same referral center. Design A comparative, retrospective cohort evaluation of two species (camelid and equine). Setting The study was conducted in a University hospital. Animals Two hundred and forty‐six CI neonatal crias (January 1999 to May 2016) and 356 neonatal foals (February 2001 to May 2016) under 4‐week‐old were admitted to a university hospital. Intervention All data are presented descriptively and compared between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. Measurements and Main Results Female crias (142/246, 57.7%) were significantly overrepresented in comparison to fillies (132/352, 37.5%). Congenital defects and transfer failure of passive immunity were more often observed in neonatal crias, while colic, diarrhea, patent urachus, septic arthritis, and omphalitis were significantly more common in CI foals. Overall survival to discharge (excluding fatal congenital defects) was comparable between crias (174/224; 77.8%) and foals (287/347, 82.1%), while crias (26/48; 54.2%) were more likely than foals (21/60; 35%) to die naturally than undergo euthanasia. Lower respiratory disease and indications for oxygen or IV glucose support increased mortality in the multivariate outcome models of both species. Species‐specific adaptations of pediatric diagnostic criteria for sepsis were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis of patients with complete hematological datasets. However, the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) did not retain statistical significance as an independent outcome predictor. Conclusions Lower respiratory disease and oxygen or glucose dysregulation increased mortality irrespective of species. However, despite species‐specific differences in disease prevalence, the success of intensive care management was comparable.

Factors associated with neonatal jaundice among neonates admitted at referral hospitals in northeast Ethiopia: a facility-based unmatched case-control study

“…In this study, critically ill neonates are defined as newborn infants who present with severe clinical manifestations or laboratory abnormalities related to jaundice, requiring immediate medical attention and intensive medical interventions [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Choanenatresie bei einem Alpakacria (Vicugna pacos)

“…Angeborene Missbildungen scheinen bei Neuweltkamelen eine größere Rolle zu spielen als bei anderen Haus- und Nutztieren 1 . Bedenice et al 2 verglichen klinische Befunde von erkrankten, hospitalisierten, neonatalen equinen Fohlen und Kamelidencrias und beobachteten, dass angeborene Krankheiten bei Kameliden häufiger als bei den Equiden waren. Als mögliche Ursachen für das häufigere Auftreten bei Kameliden werden verschiedene Aspekte diskutiert: Es wurde festgestellt, dass domestizierte südamerikanische Kameliden gegenüber ihren wilden Vorfahren genetische Variation verloren haben, die unter anderem mit der Abnahme der Kamelidenpopulation während der spanischen Eroberung und deren Nachwirkungen in Verbindung gebracht wird 3 4 .…”