Comparative Evaluation of Combinatory Interaction between Endocannabinoid System Compounds and Poly‐L‐lysine against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Growth and Biofilm Formation

Feldman, Mark; Sionov, Ronit Vogt; Smoum, Reem; Mechoulam, Raphael; Ginsburg, Isaac; Steinberg, Doron

doi:10.1155/2020/7258380

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The observed linear decline in biofilm mass with increasing PLS suggests it may have been causing a linear decline in the numbers of viable bacteria in the surrounding medium. Alternatively, this effect could have been independent of PLS bactericidal activity and due instead to biofilm matrix disruption caused by PLS [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Yaghmoor

Xia

Ashley

et al. 2020

JFB

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Continuing cariogenic bacterial growth demineralizing dentine beneath a composite filling is the most common cause of tooth restoration failure. Novel composites with antibacterial polylysine (PLS) (0, 4, 6, or 8 wt%) in its filler phase were therefore produced. Remineralising monocalcium phosphate was also included at double the PLS weight. Antibacterial studies involved set composite disc placement in 1% sucrose-supplemented broth containing Streptococcus mutans (UA159). Relative surface bacterial biofilm mass (n = 4) after 24 h was determined by crystal violet-binding. Live/dead bacteria and biofilm thickness (n = 3) were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). To understand results and model possible in vivo benefits, cumulative PLS release from discs into water (n = 3) was determined by a ninhydrin assay. Results showed biofilm mass and thickness decreased linearly by 28% and 33%, respectively, upon increasing PLS from 0% to 8%. With 4, 6, and 8 wt% PLS, respectively, biofilm dead bacterial percentages and PLS release at 24 h were 20%, 60%, and 80% and 85, 163, and 241 μg/disc. Furthermore, initial PLS release was proportional to the square root of time and levelled after 1, 2, and 3 months at 13%, 28%, and 42%. This suggested diffusion controlled release from water-exposed composite surface layers of 65, 140, and 210 μm thickness, respectively. In conclusion, increasing PLS release initially in any gaps under the restoration to kill residual bacteria or longer-term following composite/tooth interface damage might help prevent recurrent caries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Yaghmoor

Xia

Ashley

et al. 2020

JFB

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“…Our previous findings demonstrated anti-biofilm activity of the ECs anandamide (AEA) and arachidonoyl serine (AraS) against three MRSA strains while exhibiting poor bactericidal activity against planktonic MRSA [ 24 ]. Furthermore, ECs exhibited pronounced synergistic effects in combination with either antibiotics or poly-L-lysine on MRSA [ 25 ] and Streptococcus mutans [ 26 ], respectively. Recently, we reported an antifungal activity of AEA and AraS against C. albicans where they prevent the adhesion of the fungal hyphae to epithelial cells, and inhibit yeast-hyphae transition and hyphal growth without affecting C. albicans viability [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cannabidiol against Candida albicans

et al. 2021

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Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen in humans. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor of C. albicans infections. We investigated the ability of the plant-derived cannabidiol (CBD) to inhibit the formation and removal of fungal biofilms. Further, we evaluated its mode of action. Our findings demonstrate that CBD exerts pronounced time-dependent inhibitory effects on biofilm formation as well as disruption of mature biofilm at a concentration range below minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations. CBD acts at several levels. It modifies the architecture of fungal biofilm by reducing its thickness and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production accompanied by downregulation of genes involved in EPS synthesis. It alters the fungal morphology that correlated with upregulation of yeast-associated genes and downregulation of hyphae-specific genes. Importantly, it represses the expression of C. albicans virulence-associated genes. In addition, CBD increases ROS production, reduces the intracellular ATP levels, induces mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization, modifies the cell wall, and increases the plasma membrane permeability. In conclusion, we propose that CBD exerts its activity towards C. albicans biofilm through a multi-target mode of action, which differs from common antimycotic agents, and thus can be explored for further development as an alternative treatment against fungal infections.

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“…The antibacterial characteristics of ε-polylysine is well established in food industry and it is increasingly being applied in biomedicine in recent years [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Few studies have utilized ε-polylysine for dental application purposes, including composite [ 23 , 24 ], dental adhesive [ 25 ], implant surface modification [ 26 ] and antimicrobials [ 27 , 28 ]. However, the effect of ε-polylysine on P. gingivalis is less studied and the investigating methods of its antibacterial effectiveness against oral microorganisms were limited primarily to inhibition of planktonic bacterial growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial Effect of the Natural Polymer ε-Polylysine Against Oral Pathogens Associated with Periodontitis and Caries

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobials are important adjuncts in the treatment of caries and periodontitis. However, increased bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions to commonly used antimicrobials have led to an increasing demand for safe and natural substances. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of ε-polylysine against oral pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Broth dilution assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses were performed to explore the antibacterial effect of ε-polylysine against S. mutans strain ATCC25175 and P. gingivalis strain ATCC332277. For the test solution, ε-polylysine was added to the bacterial suspension to prepare 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% ε-polylysine solutions diluted in broth medium. All four concentrations demonstrated complete inhibition of S. mutans and significantly reduced viable cell counts of P. gingivalis after 24 h. From starting inoculum of 9.15 log CFU/mL, P. gingivalis cell counts reduced to 4.01 log CFU/mL in the 0.125% ε-polylysine treatment group. SEM, CLSM, and the LIVE/DEAD bacterial assay of ε-polylysine application on P. gingivalis biofilm-dentin specimens revealed bacterial cell membrane disruption and irregular cell morphologies. The results indicated satisfactory antibacterial efficacy of ε-polylysine against P. gingivalis and S. mutans in liquid medium and as an application on biofilm-dentin specimens.

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Comparative Evaluation of Combinatory Interaction between Endocannabinoid System Compounds and Poly‐L‐lysine against Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Effect of Novel Antibacterial Composites on Bacterial Biofilms

Anti-Biofilm Activity of Cannabidiol against Candida albicans

Antibacterial Effect of the Natural Polymer ε-Polylysine Against Oral Pathogens Associated with Periodontitis and Caries

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