Comparative evaluation of grain refinement in AISI 430 FSS welds by elemental metal powder addition and cryogenic cooling

Amuda, M.O.H.; Mridha, S.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.066

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ostrowski and Langer (1979) demonstrated that Ti was also a grain refiner for steels or stainless steels but the nucleation mechanism is not yet elucidated. Villafuerte et al (1995) and more recently Amuda and Mridha (2012) observed that the effect of titanium was not the same as it was introduced as oxide or metal. Mechanisms seemed also to be different when Ti was introduced alone or combined with other metals during welding of FSS.…”

Section: Microstructure Of Welded Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Villaret

Deschaux-Beaume

Bordreuil

et al. 2013

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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Section: Microstructure Of Welded Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This element formed refractory compounds in the molten steel, that promoted the heterogeneous nucleation of the ferritic grains. Villafuerte et al (1995) then Amuda and Mridha (2012) have demonstrated that titanium had a similar effect in the fusion zone during welding of FSS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Villaret

Deschaux-Beaume

Bordreuil

et al. 2013

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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“…However, the nature of the refractory compounds, as well as the nucleation mechanism are not currently elucidated. The effect of titanium is not the same as it is introduced as oxide or metal as well as alone or combined with other metals during welding [35,38]. Niobium seems to have no effect on the grain structure of the fusion zone.…”

Section: Composition and Microstructure Of The Fusion Zonesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Titanium is a particular element that forms complex refractory compounds in the weld pool, giving nucleation sites for equiaxed grains [27,[34][35][36]. Aluminum also in some conditions promotes the CET, with the formation of Al 2 O 3 particles in the weld pool before solidification of the alloy [37][38]. However the particles formed in the weld pool can also have a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties, especially if their size is large.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

et al. 2013

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Several compositions of metal cored filler wire were manufactured to define the best welding conditions for homogeneous welding, by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process, of a modified AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel dedicated to automotive exhaust manifold applications. The patented grade is know under APERAM trade name K44X and has been developed to present improved high temperature fatigue properties. All filler wires investigated contained 19%Cr and 1.8%Mo, equivalent to the base metal K44X chemistry, but various titanium and niobium contents. Chemical analyses and microstructural observations of fusion zones revealed the need of a minimum Ti content of 0.15% to obtain a completely equiaxed grain structure. This structure conferred on the fusion zone a good ductility even in the as-welded state at room temperature. Unfortunately, titanium additions decreased the oxidation resistance at 950°C if no significant Nb complementary alloying was made. The combined high Ti and Nb additions made it possible to obtain for the welded structure, after optimized heat treatment, high temperature tensile strengths and ductility for the fusion zones and assemblies, rather close to those of the base metal. 950°C aging heat treatment was necessary to restore significantly the ductility of the as welded structure. Both fusion zone and base metal presented rather homogenized properties. Finally, with the optimized composition of the cored filler wire -0.3 Ti minimum (i.e. 0.15% in the fusion zone) and high Nb complementary additions, the properties, including the thermal fatigue strength, of the K44X assemblies are excellent.

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“…Stainless steels possess an especially useful characteristic in resisting corrosion in that they perform best under those oxidising conditions, which are most harmful to ordinary steel and many of the non-ferrous metals and alloys. 4 In general, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of polycrystalline alloys depend on the cohesion at bulk interfaces between the crystal grains. This form of corrosion is mainly caused by a corrosive environment (depending on specific alloys and materials, corrosion agents may be various chemical species, such as nitrates, bicarbonates, chlorides, phosphates or fluorides, containing elements S, O, N, P or Cl).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First principles investigation into effects of Cr on segregation of S or Cl at α-Fe Σ5(210) grain boundary

Dang

Wang

et al. 2014

Materials Research Innovations

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In this paper, the effects of Cr on segregation of S or Cl atoms at the a-Fe S5(210) grain boundary (GB) are studied using a first principles method, CASTEP. In the absence of Cr, S can be trapped at the interstitial site of the Fe GB. Cl is not apt to be segregated at the GB. The presence of Cr acts as an enhancer, and can alleviate the detrimental effect of Cl and S. Furthermore, increasing the Cr content has a more effective impact on Cl. Based on the segregation energy analysis, it is also found that Cr can effectively prohibit S from segregating to the GB and therefore eliminate the embrittlement of the GB induced by S; however, it has little effect on Cl. Cr prevents the expansion of interfacial bonds Fe-Fe or Fe-S/Cl for S, and Cl segregating in Fe GB even exhibited shorter bond lengths with increasing Cr content. Therefore, Cr alleviates embrittlement or corrosion effect of S and Cl in Fe GB. Analysis of densities of states further indicates that Cr should alleviate the detrimental effect of S and Cl, enhancing the cohesion of a-Fe GB.

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Comparative evaluation of grain refinement in AISI 430 FSS welds by elemental metal powder addition and cryogenic cooling

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Influence of filler wire composition on weld microstructures of a 444 ferritic stainless steel grade

Characterization of Gas Metal Arc Welding welds obtained with new high Cr–Mo ferritic stainless steel filler wires

First principles investigation into effects of Cr on segregation of S or Cl at α-Fe Σ5(210) grain boundary

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