Comparative evaluation of Jatropha curcas L. seed meals obtained by different methods of defatting on toxic, antinutritional and nutritive factors

Abstract

Different methods of defatting have a great impact on toxic, antinutritional and nutritive factors in the oilseed meals. In order to find the most suitable methods of defatting for Jatropha curcas seed meals, the Jatropha curcas L. seed meals, defatted by Soxhlet extraction and screw-press were characterized for their toxic, anti-nutritional and nutrient factors in this study. The toxins (phorbolesters, 3.1 and 2.9 mg/g) and some anti-nutritional factors (saponins, 2.9 and 2.6%; phytates, 11.1 and 11.6%) in meals obtained by the two defatting methods were present at high concentrations. However, the trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) and lectin (2.7 mg/g and 1.5 mg/ml) in the screw-pressed meal were significantly lower, due to the high temperature (120 °C) used in this defatting process. From nutritional side, the values of crude protein (CP), buffer-soluble nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen, pepsin insoluble nitrogen, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), as well as essential amino acid index (EAAI), biological value (BV), nutritional index (NI) and protein-digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of the meal obtained by Soxhlet extraction were better than the screw-pressed meal. However, taking practical application into account, from detoxification side, screw-pressed meal is better for detoxification.

Potential of Hibiscus Sabdariffa and Jatropha Curcas as Natural Coagulants in the Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater

“…This is because at pH 3 and 4, the positive charges on the amino acids that make up the protein molecules dominate. The composition of amino acids in the seeds of J. Curcas was studied by [21]. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid were abundantly found in the seeds.…”

Detoxification Methods of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake and Its Potential Utilization as Animal Feed

“…Lectins, which belong to another class of proteins found in Jatropha curcas named phytohemagglutinin, have a strong anti-nutritional effect on animals due to their affinity for binding to carbohydrate molecules without altering their structure [32,33]. According to Xiao and Zhang [33], this binding ability damages the structure of the small intestine and destroys the digestive organs, which frequently results in the inhibition of animal growth [32]. While initially believed to be the primary toxic component in Jatropha, recent research suggests that lectins might not play a central role in its toxicity [27,34].…”

“…From the presented results, it is also clear that phytic acid and saponins cannot be eliminated by heat treatments. Saponins are particularly heat-stable, and their biological activity cannot be diminished by typical cooking heat treatments [21,27,33]. The efficiency of heat treatments in the phorbol esters' concentrations (Table 1) is quite variable and most heat treatments show low levels of reduction on its concentrations, with studies demonstrating that roasting and other cooking treatments did not significantly affect phorbol esters' levels [19,20].…”

The Sustainable Cultivation of Mexican Nontoxic Jatropha Curcas to Produce Biodiesel and Food in Marginal Rural Lands

“…For this reason, the toxic seed varieties cannot be used for human and animal consumption; unless the seeds are subjected to a detoxification treatment to remove or inactivate phorbol esters. However, these treatments are currently under development and their scaling, in some cases, is difficult to control [27,28] and fail to reduce the levels of phorbol esters in the seed to acceptable levels for consumption [29,30]. In addition, it has been reported that even at very low concentration levels of phorbol esters in the seed, from 0.4-0.09 mg g −1 , negative effects in animals have been detected [27].…”