2019
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04031-x
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Comparative evaluation of maceration, microwave and ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from propolis

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare different techniques in order to achieve a high extraction of phenolic compounds from propolis. For this purpose, it was investigated the use of double maceration (24 h at room temperature with continuous agitation at 250 rpm), double microwave treatments (1 min at 140 W) and double ultrasound-assisted extraction (15 min at 20 kHz) using 70% ethanol. The extraction efficiency was measured based on extraction yield, total phenolic content, flavones and flavonol content, and … Show more

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Cited by 82 publications
(61 citation statements)
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“…This process can be achieved by following three basic steps: (a) grinding the plant in small pieces, (b) adding the appropriate solvent in a closed vessel, which will determine the type of compound that is going to be extracted from the sample, allowing soaking for three days at room temperature, and (c) press or strain by filtration to separate the liquid phase [ 49 , 50 ]. Although this may be considered the easiest and simplest method, the requirement of large volumes of organic solvents generates organic wastes that have become an issue, makingnecessarya proper chemical waste management process [ 51 ].…”
Section: Methods For Obtaining Plant Extractsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This process can be achieved by following three basic steps: (a) grinding the plant in small pieces, (b) adding the appropriate solvent in a closed vessel, which will determine the type of compound that is going to be extracted from the sample, allowing soaking for three days at room temperature, and (c) press or strain by filtration to separate the liquid phase [ 49 , 50 ]. Although this may be considered the easiest and simplest method, the requirement of large volumes of organic solvents generates organic wastes that have become an issue, makingnecessarya proper chemical waste management process [ 51 ].…”
Section: Methods For Obtaining Plant Extractsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1 filter, concentrated using a rotary evaporator and freeze-dried (D-37520 Osterode, Germany), being kept at 4 °C until further investigations. Total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids of the extract were measured according to Mcdonald [ 23 ] and Zhishen [ 24 ] as 153 ± 11.08 and 81.46 ± 6.11 mg g −1 extract, respectively.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The separation was carried out on a Zorbax SP-C18 column, with 150 mm length, 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm-diameter particle and thermostated at 25 • C. The sample volume injection was 10 µL. For the separation of phenolics, we used two mobile phases: A (0.1% acetic acid in water) and B (acetonitrile), respectively, using the following gradient: min 0 -A 100%, min 6.66 -B 5%, min 66.66 -B 40% and min 74 -B 80% [19][20][21]. The solvent flow rate was 1 mL/min.…”
Section: Individual Phenolics Separation and Detectionmentioning
confidence: 99%