Comparative Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Serum Albumin to Globulin Ratio and Serum C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Dogs with Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Healthy Dogs

Cagnasso, Federica; Borrelli, Antonio; Bottero, Enrico; Benvenuti, Elena; Ferriani, Riccardo; Marchetti, Veronica; Ruggiero, Piero; Bruno, Barbara; Maurella, Cristiana; Gianella, Paola

doi:10.3390/ani13030484

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…23,70 In dogs with CIE, differing results have been obtained in the evaluation of these indexes. 42,71,72 Our study is consistent with previous observations by some authors, 42 as we did not find a correlation between any of these inflammatory biomarkers and the clinical severity of the disease. Although 1 study did not find a correlation between NLR and the severity of histologic lesions in dogs with the disease, 72 we have observed a moderate positive association between SII and the severity of duodenal histopathologic lesions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…On the other hand, certain CBC‐derived inflammatory biomarkers are useful in categorizing the clinical severity of individuals with IBD 23,70 . In dogs with CIE, differing results have been obtained in the evaluation of these indexes 42,71,72 . Our study is consistent with previous observations by some authors, 42 as we did not find a correlation between any of these inflammatory biomarkers and the clinical severity of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…[38][39][40] The hypercoagulable state that accompanies the disease in dogs appears to be independent of these cells and is a direct consequence of the systemic inflammatory state. 41,42 Consistent with the latter hypothesis, the diseased dogs in our study showed significantly higher SII than the healthy dogs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

Agulla,

Villaescusa,

Sainz

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundDysregulated T lymphocyte response is thought to play a key role in chronic intestinal inflammation (CIE).ObjectivesTo evaluate the presence of changes in peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets and to describe potential immune and inflammatory biomarkers in dogs with CIE.AnimalsSixteen healthy dogs and 26 dogs were diagnosed with CIE.MethodsProspective case‐control study evaluating peripheral and intestinal T lymphocytes using flow cytometry and inflammatory markers obtained from complete blood cell counts.ResultsDogs with CIE had higher peripheral activated T helper (Th) lymphocytes (87/μL [18‐273] CIE, 44/μL [16‐162] healthy control (HC, P = .013) and regulatory T cells (Treg; 108/μL [2‐257] CIE, 34/μL [1‐114] HC, P = .004). In the intestinal epithelium, CIE dogs presented lower percentages of Th (4.55% [1.75‐18.67] CIE, 8.77% [3.79‐25.03] HC, P = .002), activated Th cells (0.16% [0.02‐0.83] CIE, 0.33% [0.05‐0.57] HC, P = .03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (0.08 [0.02‐0.39] CIE, 0.21 [0.07‐0.85] HC, P = .003). Conversely, higher percentage of activated T cytotoxic cells (20.24% [3.12‐77.12] CIE, 12.32% [1.21‐39.22] HC, P = .04) and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) producing T lymphocytes (7.36% [0.63‐55.83] CIE, 1.44% [0.00‐10.56] HC, P = .01) within the epithelium was observed. In the lamina propria the percentage of Treg lymphocytes was higher (6.02% [1.00‐21.48] CIE, 3.52% [0.18‐10.52] HC, P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSystemic and intestinal immune alterations occur in dogs with CIE suggesting that blood IFN‐γ producing T lymphocytes and the systemic immune‐inflamation index (SII) could potentially serve as biomarkers for the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

Agulla,

Villaescusa,

Sainz

et al. 2024

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In dogs, blood cell ratios were studied in various infectious and non-infectious inflammatory conditions, such as neoplasias, oral inflammatory and neoplastic pathologies, peritonitis, systemic inflammatory response and sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic enteropathy, inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy, acute pancreatitis, and pneumonia [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Among investigations of neoplasias, Rejec and colleagues (2017) [ 15 ] observed significantly higher NLR values in dogs with oropharyngeal tumors compared to those with periodontitis or healthy dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, NLR was useful to distinguish between dogs with food-responsive enteropathy and dogs diagnosed with immunosuppressive-responsive or non-responsive enteropathies, with higher NLR values in the last two groups of dogs [ 21 ]. The NLR was also higher in dogs with inflammatory protein-losing enteropathy compared to healthy dogs [ 24 ]. In dogs with acute pancreatitis, NLR and PLR measures were significantly higher compared to healthy dogs; however, no relationship with disease severity was found [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Retrospective Comparative Evaluation of Selected Blood Cell Ratios, Acute Phase Proteins, and Leukocyte Changes Suggestive of Inflammation in Cats

Donato

Pennisi

Persichetti

et al. 2023

Animals

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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios have been proposed as diagnostic and prognostic markers for neoplastic and inflammatory diseases in dogs and cats. The aim of this retrospective preliminary study was to evaluate the relationship between these ratios and markers of inflammation routinely measured in cats. A total of 275 cats were enrolled. Complete blood count, serum amyloid A (SAA), albumin, globulin, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) data were analyzed, as well as the presence of leukocyte alterations considered suggestive of inflammation (LAI: neutrophils left shift, toxic neutrophils, and reactive lymphocytes) evaluated in blood smears. The NLR and MLR correlated positively with SAA and globulins and negatively with albumin and AGR. Higher NLR and MLR were found in cats with increased SAA and globulins and decreased albumin and AGR. The PLR correlated negatively with albumin and AGR. A higher PLR was found in cats with hypoalbuminemia. Cats with LAI had higher NLR, MLR, and PLR. In cats with no changes in parameters indicative of inflammation, 11.25, 0.42, and 528.3 were identified as upper limits for NLR, MLR, and PLR, respectively. In conclusion, the NLR, MLR, and PLR act as good inflammatory markers easily evaluated by routine hematology.

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Clinical significance of blood cell ratios in healthy and sick Leishmania infantum-seropositive dogs

Donato,

Baxarias,

Solano-Gallego

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background The accuracy of blood cell ratios (BCRs) as cost-effective and easily accessible diagnostic and prognostic markers of inflammatory conditions has been investigated in veterinary medicine in recent years. Methods Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios were studied in 195 dogs clinically evaluated and tested for anti-Leishmania infantum (Li) antibodies (Li-seronegative (Li−), n = 10; Li-seropositive clinically healthy (Li+healthy), n = 100; Li-seropositive with clinical and/or clinicopathological abnormalities (Li+sick), n = 85). The Li+sick dogs were classified in LeishVet stages IIa/IIb (Li+IIa/IIb) (n = 66) and III/IV (Li+III/IV) (n = 19). BCR relationships with LeishVet clinical stage, antibody levels, and serum protein electrophoretic fraction concentrations were investigated. Results Higher NLR values were found in Li+, Li+healthy, and Li+IIa/IIb sick dogs compared to Li− dogs (P < 0.001). Higher NLR and MLR were found in Li+sick (NLR, P < 0.001; MLR, P = 0.034) and Li+III/IV dogs (NLR, P < 0.001; MLR, P = 0.005) compared to Li− dogs, and in Li+III/IV dogs (NLR, P = 0.002; MLR, P < 0.001) compared to Li+healthy. All three BCRs were higher in Li+sick (NLR, MLR, P < 0.001; PLR, P = 0.023) and Li+IIa/IIb dogs (NLR P < 0.001; MLR P = 0.001; PLR, P = 0.012) compared to Li+healthy dogs. The BCRs failed to distinguish dogs with moderate (Li+IIa/IIb) and severe or very severe disease (Li+III/IV). BCRs demonstrated weak positive correlations with serum globulin fractions and antibody levels, and weak negative correlations with serum albumin level were found. Li+sick dogs presenting hypoalbuminemia showed higher MLR ratios (P = 0.001) than those with normal albumin values. Conclusions This study shows that BCR measures provide useful information for differentiating antibody-positive healthy and sick dogs at diagnosis. Dogs with hypoalbuminemia showed higher MLR values despite monocytosis being very rare. Graphical Abstract

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Comparative Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Serum Albumin to Globulin Ratio and Serum C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio in Dogs with Inflammatory Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Healthy Dogs

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

A Retrospective Comparative Evaluation of Selected Blood Cell Ratios, Acute Phase Proteins, and Leukocyte Changes Suggestive of Inflammation in Cats

Clinical significance of blood cell ratios in healthy and sick Leishmania infantum-seropositive dogs

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