Comparative evaluation of Salicornia bigelovii oil planted under different treatments

Abstract

Background: Assessment of the oil % in a representative sample of Salicornia bigelovii seeds with different extraction methods using some of the organic solvents to reach the best economic one and determination of the effect of S. bigelovii cultivation under different conditions of irrigation and fertilization on the percentage, composition, and nutrition value of oil were done. From the International Training Centre-Mariut, Alexandria, we obtained representative samples of Salicornia bigelovii seeds which are collected from the sea coast and 17 samples of S. bigelovii seeds which are subjected to different treatments of irrigation and fertilization. The oil % in a blank sample (B) was determined using different solvents (hexane, hexane-isopropanol, and ethanol) with variant methods (shaker, conventional, and ultrasonic). Oil % in 17 samples was evaluated by the ultrasonic probe technique using ethanol. The oil composition was determined in all samples by GC analysis. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in the residue were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and colorimetric method, respectively. Results: The ethanol has higher extraction efficiency and the ultrasonic probe recovered higher oil % in the blank sample. Seventeen samples of S. bigelovii cultivated under different combined treatments of fertilization and irrigation recorded oil % less than the blank sample. The fatty acids profile cleared that the oil of cultivated samples (17 samples) had power for biodiesel production with high ignition properties and good stability due to the high cetane number and a high percentage of palmitic acid. The nutrition value of the blank sample is higher than that of the other 17 samples. The polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blank sample represent > 63% of the total fatty acids. Conclusion: The different combined treatments of fertilization and irrigation of S. bigelovii changed the fatty acid profiles of all samples, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were recognized as the most abundant saturated fatty acids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents differed in the sample to another one but less than their contents in the blank sample.

Evaluation of Salicornia bigelovii Germplasm for Food Use in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates Based on Agronomic Traits and Nutritional Composition

“…The oil is rich in USFA with LA (C18:2 ω6) being the most abundant fatty acid followed by OA (C18:1 ω9). This is on par with other studies conducted on S. bigelovii seeds [ 28 , 89 ]. The low content of ALA (C18:3 ω3) less than 2 percent renders the oil more resistant to oxidation [ 69 ].…”

Bioactive Compounds in Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: A Mediterranean Edible Euhalophyte

“…Long-chain fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid, do not exceed a content of 6% in S. patula . El-Araby et al [ 24 ] provide similar values in S. bigelovii . In other Salicornia species, long-chain fatty acids have been described to appear in lower values, such as S. ramosissima [ 22 ].…”

“…Our results show that palmitic acid appears in the highest proportion in S. patula and can exceed 70%. In other Salicornia species, such as Salicornia ramosissima Woods this acid exceeded 20% [ 23 ], as in S. europaea [ 16 ], and Salicornia bigelovii Torr [ 24 ]. In other halophytes like Arthrocnemum indicum is also demonstrated the presence of this acid, with a relative content of more than 18% [ 25 ].…”

“…Among the monounsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid is only present in the material collected from the southwest Iberian Peninsula. S. patula also contains oleic acid, another monounsaturated fatty acid, that has been described in S. europaea [ 16 ] and S. bigelovii [ 24 ]. These bioactive compounds prevent the development of cardiovascular disorders, reduce insulin resistance, and strengthen the immune system [ 8 ].…”

“…Polyunsaturated acids such as linolenic acid have been found in proportions of more than 5% in sample 11, as in other Salicornia species such as S. bigelovii [ 24 ]. In S. ramosissima the values for this fatty acid are lower than those found here [ 26 ].…”