Comparative evaluation of sunflower oil and linseed oil as dietary ingredient for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

Abstract

-A feeding trial was conducted to define the optimal mixtures of either sunflower oil (SFO) or linseed oil (LO) with fish oil (FO), in fish meal (FM) based diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fingerling, without significant effect on fish performance, fatty acid composition and liver structure. The trial lasted nine weeks with 420 fish (∼4.0 g) testing seven isonitrogenous (∼48% CP) and isolipidic (∼18% L) diets contained three incremental inclusions of either SFO or LO (40, 48, 56 g kg −1 ) and the only-fish oil control (CTRL) diet. Results showed that the combination of 32 g fish oil plus 48 g of either SFO or LO kg −1 diet as the lipid source had performed the best among all. Fatty acid (FA) composition of muscle lipids evidenced that specific fatty acids were selectively retained or utilized. Diet induced-changes in hepatic morphology with vegetable oil inclusion level were further described. Linolenic acid (α-LNA, n-3) had led to less pronounced steatosis symptoms than linoleic acid (LOA, n-6) in liver cells. This study provides sound support for the use of preferably sunflower oil then linseed oil as a complementary lipid resource (48 g kg diet −1 ) with marine fish oil in gilthead seabream fingerling diets. Therefore, represents novel data on the potential of using sunflower oil (SFO) as a possible dietary partial substitute of fish oil for the species.

Review on alternative meals for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata

“…Moreover, Izquierdo et al proved that soybean or linseed and rapeseed oil substitution corrupt some textural characteristics of the fillets like succulence, hardness and stickiness (Izquierdo et al, 2005). Wassef et al (2015) evaluating sunflower oil and linseed oil as dietary ingredients for GSB fingerlings obtained that the use of sunflower oil is preferably then linseed oil as a complementary lipid resource. A previous study reported that FO replacement by cottonseed oil (CSO) up to 60% level had no detrimental effects on growth or nutritive utilization and composition in fish muscles.…”

“…The main constraint for the use of VO in aquaculture feeds is the lack of omega‐3 (n‐3) long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), particularly EPA (20:5n‐3) and DHA (22:6n‐3) acids (Benedito‐Palos et al, 2008; Wassef et al, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015). VO has also successfully replaced up to 60%–66% FO in diets for GSB, but higher substitution levels are difficult because of the specific requirement of GSB for LC‐PUFA, which are not present in VO (Benedito‐Palos et al, 2008; Caballero et al, 2003).…”

“…The aim of this review was to report the effects of use of alternative sources on GSB. Data of different works (Adamidou et al, 2011; Alexis, 1997; Baeza‐Ariño et al, 2016; Benedito‐Palos et al, 2008, 2016; Bonaldo et al, 2008; Caballero et al, 2003; Castro, Couto, et al, 2019; Dimitroglou et al, 2010; Estensoro et al, 2016; Estruch et al, 2018; Fontinha et al, 2021; Fountoulaki et al, 2009; Gil‐Solsona et al, 2019; Gisbert et al, 2017; Guerreiro et al, 2016; Kokou et al, 2012; Martinez‐Llorens et al, 2012; Moutinho et al, 2017; Perera et al, 2019; Piazzon et al, 2017, 2020; Saleh et al, 2022; Sales et al, 2021; Sánchez‐Lozano et al, 2009; Santigosa et al, 2010; Simó‐Mirabet et al, 2018; Sitjà‐Bobadilla et al, 2005; Wassef et al, 2007; Wassef et al, 2015; Wassef et al, 2014; Wassef et al, 2009; Wassef et al, 2012) are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 shows the major effects of alternative diets to FM/FO; Table 2 shows composition of experimental diets and the composition of GSB’s carcasses after trials.…”

The Effect of Three Oils Sources in the Diets on the Performance of Siganus Rivulatus Fingerlings Cultured in Tanks

“…Many studies have been achieved on other fish species to test the effect of plant oils in their diets, for instance [27] used linseed oil and sunflower oil in the diets of Sparusaurata fingerlings with an initial weight of 4 g, reared in tanks (50 litres) and fed on 46% protein and 18% lipids diets. Although, S. aurata is a carnivorous fish species, the sunflower diet provided the best growth, that could be explained by the presence of various animal protein resources in their diet.…”

Efeitos da suplementação da dieta com diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos no metabolismo lipídico de fêmeas de Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei: Serranidae)

“…A produção de farinha e OP além de ser considerada uma atividade de alto impacto, uma vez que são produzidos a partir dos estoques naturais, também possuem elevado custo e alta variabilidade nutricional, interferindo na produção das dietas para animais marinhos (Silva et al, 2010). Um esforço considerável vem sendo realizado desde a década de 1990 com o intuito de substituir o OP por óleos alternativos, geralmente de origem vegetal, como o óleo de linhaça (OL) (Bell et al, 1993;Izquierdo et al, 2003;Wassef et al, 2015), óleo de soja (OS) (Brown et al, 1997;Lee et al, 2000;Grisdale-Helland et al, 2002), óleo de canola (OCA) (Glencross, 2003;Francis et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2007). Alguns trabalhos encontraram resultados satisfatórios utilizando diferentes níveis de substituição de OP por óleos vegetais (OV).…”