Comparative evaluation of the effect of cold ceramic and MTA-Angelus on cell viability, attachment and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament fibroblasts: an in vitro study

Abstract

Background Biocompatibility and induction of mineralized tissue formation are the properties expected from a material used in vital pulp therapy and repair of perforations. Cold ceramic (SJM, Iran; CC) is a newly introduced calcium silicate-based cement for above mentioned therapeutic applications. This in-vitro study aimed to compare the effect of CC and White MTA-Angelus (MTA) on cell viability, attachment, odontogenic differentiation, and calcification potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). Methods Cell viability of DPSCs and PDLFs was assessed using MTT on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 (n = 9) in contact with freshly mixed and set states of CC and MTA. Field emission scanning electron micrographs (FESEM) were taken to evaluate cell-bioceramic interaction (n = 6). Gene expression levels of osteo/odontogenic markers (Dentin sialophosphoprotein, Dentin matrix protein 1, Collagen type I alpha 1, and Alkaline phosphatase (DSPP, DMP1, COL 1A1, and ALP, respectively) (n = 8) were assessed using qrt-PCR. ALP enzymatic activity was evaluated to assess the mineralization potential. A two-way ANOVA test was applied, and p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The effect of freshly mixed and set MTA and CC on the survival of DPSCs and PDLFs in all study groups was statistically similar and comparable to the positive control group (p > 0.05); the only exception was for the viability of PDLFs in contact with freshly mixed cements on day 1, showing a more significant cytotoxic effect compared to the control and the set state of materials (p < 0.05). PDLFs attached well on CC and MTA. The spread and pseudopodium formation of the cells increased on both samples from day 1 to day 14. Contact of MTA and CC with DPSCs similarly increased expression of all dentinogenesis markers studied on days 7 and 14 compared to the control group (p < 0.001), except for DSPP expression on day 7 (p = 0.46 and p = 0.99 for MTA and CC, respectively). Conclusions Within the limitation of this in-vitro study, cold ceramic and MTA-Angelus showed high biocompatibility and induced increased expression of osteo/dentinogenic markers. Therefore, cold ceramic can be a suitable material for vital pulp therapy and the repair of root perforations.

Cell Biological and Antibacterial Evaluation of a New Approach to Zirconia Implant Surfaces Modified with MTA

“…Although osteoblast viability was lower in the Zr MTA group, fibroblast viability was shown to be significantly higher in the Zr MTA group compared with the Zr textured group at 3 and 7 days. Khedmat et al and Youssef et al evaluated the cell viability of gingival fibroblasts in contact with MTA Angelus and obtained similar results [ 13 , 31 ]. The difference in cell viability between osteoblasts and fibroblasts can be explained by the following hypotheses: (1) the phagocytic activity of osteoblasts may inhibit cell proliferation because cells keep their metabolic energy for phagocytosis and intracellular digestion [ 32 ], (2) the presence of MTA accelerates the process of differentiation of osteoblasts and consequently reduces their proliferation [ 32 , 33 ], (3) fibroblasts have a greater speed of adhesion growth and proliferation compared with osteoblasts [ 25 ], and (4) the difference is due to surface roughness—Zr MTA discs are smooth surfaces (roughness of 0.31μm).…”

Comparative cytocompatibility of the new calcium silicate-based cement NeoPutty versus NeoMTA Plus and MTA on human dental pulp cells: an in vitro study

“…However, it should be highlighted that the results from these assays are descriptive non-statistical morphological observations and are consequently left to the interpretation of the investigators. Nevertheless, these types of biological assays are commonly used among in vitro studies on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials [ 17 , 26 , 36 ], as a complement to the quantifiable biological assays, i.e., viability and proliferation/migration assays.…”

“…For this reason, one of their experimental applications is dentin-pulp complex repair/regeneration via cell-based and tissue engineering approaches [ 15 , 16 ]. Furthermore, it has been described that both calcium silicate-based materials and Portland cement-based materials are able to interact with these cells and aid with their osteo/odontogenic differentiation, proliferation, and attachment [ 17 ].…”

Effect of blood contamination on marginal adaptation of cold ceramic and MTA angelus: a scanning electron microscopic study

“…Several previous studies assessed the microleakage, marginal adaptation, and properties of MTA and CC in different environments [ 8 , 13 , 20 , 21 ]. However, the effect of blood contamination on their sealing properties by mixing the powder with blood, instead of the respective liquid, has not been previously investigated.…”