Comparative Evaluation of the Nutrients, Phytochemicals, and Antioxidant Activity of Two Hempseed Oils and Their Byproducts after Cold Pressing

Abstract

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the recovery of agri-food waste within the circular economy perspective. In this study, the nutritional, phytochemical, and biological features of the cold-pressed hempseed oil (HSO) and hempseed meal (HSM) of two industrial hemp varieties (USO 31 and Futura 75, THC ≤ 0.2%) were evaluated. The HSOs showed a high total phenols and flavonoid content, which were confirmed by LC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, with rutin as the most abundant compound (56.93–77.89 µg/100 FW). They also proved to be a rich source of tocopherols (81.69–101.45 mg/100 g FW) and of a well-balanced ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acid ratio (3:1) with USO 31, which showed the best phytochemical profile and consequently the best antioxidant activity (about two times higher than Futura 75). The HSMs still retained part of the phytochemicals identified in the HSOs (polyphenols, tocopherols, and the preserved ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids ratio) and a modest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, they showed a very interesting nutritional profile, which was very rich in proteins (29.88–31.44 g/100 g FW), crude fibers (18.39–19.67 g/100 g), and essential and non-essential amino acids. Finally, only a restrained amount of anti-nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid, and condensed tannins) was found, suggesting a promising re-use of these byproducts in the nutraceutical field.

Composition and Biological Properties of Blanched Skin and Blanch Water Belonging to Three Sicilian Almond Cultivars

“…The fatty acid profile was evaluated according to Occhiuto et al [ 20 ]. Briefly, BS samples were extracted with a chloroform/methanol (2:1, v / v ) mixture thrice and centrifuged at 3000× g at RT.…”

“…Supernatants were recovered and dried by nitrogen at RT. Transesterification with a 14% boron (III) fluoride methanol solution was carried out to obtain FAMEs, which were analysed by gas-chromatography coupled with flame ionization and mass spectrometry detectors (GC–FID and GC–MS, respectively) according to the elution program and setting parameters reported in Occhiuto et al [ 20 ]. Detected compounds were identified based on the following parameters: matching of mass spectra with those reported in the MS library (NIST 08), comparison of MS fragmentation patterns with those reported in the literature, and co-injection with a Supelco 37 component FAME mix (see Section 2.1 ).…”

“…FRAP assay was carried out according to Occhiuto et al [ 20 ] with some modifications. Briefly, 10 µL of BSE and BWE (30–240 μg/mL) were added to 200 µL of fresh, pre-warmed (37 °C) working FRAP reagent consisting of 300 mM buffer acetate (pH 3.6), 10 mM TPTZ-40 mM HCl, and 20 mM FeCl 3 and incubated for 4 min at RT in the dark.…”

Perilla frutescens seed meal as a fat substitute mitigates heterocyclic amine formation and protein oxidation and improves fatty acid profile of pan-fried chicken patties

“…The main phenolic compounds in our study having high responses were rosmarinic acid, homovanillic acid, caffeic acid, genistein, apigenin, didymin, gallic acid, luteolin, hispidulin, rhamnetin, and kaempferol. Occhiuto et al ( 24 ) investigated the phytochemical composition of hemp seed meal and discovered a high content of flavanones (43%), followed by flavonols (28%), phenolic acids (17%), flavones (12%), flavanols (6%), and isoflavones (3%). Multescu et al ( 25 ) compared the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of selected by-products of vegetable oil industry and found that rapeseed meals and sunflower meals had much higher contents than black sesame meals, red grape seed meals and golden flax meals.…”

Pedoclimatic Conditions Influence the Morphological, Phytochemical and Biological Features of Mentha pulegium L.

“…The ferric-reducing antioxidant power was evaluated according to Occhiuto et al [ 80 ] with some modifications. Briefly, 10 microliters of MPLE and MPFE (2.5–100 μg/mL) was added to 200 µL of fresh, prewarmed (37 °C) working FRAP reagent consisting of 300 mM buffer acetate (pH 3.6), 10 mM 2,4,6-Tris (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ)-40 mM HCl and 20 mM FeCl 3 , and incubated for 4 min at RT in the dark.…”