Comparative evaluation of the osteogenic capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and umbilical cord tissue

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated in the field of regenerative medicine. Human bone MSCs (BMSCs) have become a common type of seed cell for bone tissue engineering. However, the viability and cell number of BMSCs are negatively correlated with donor age, and as the extraction process is painful, this method has not been widely used. As human umbilical cord MSCs (UCMSCs) may be harvested inexpensively and inexhaustibly, the present study evaluated and compared the regenerative potential of UCMSCs and BMSCs to determine whether UCMSCs may be used as a novel cell type for bone regeneration. In the present study, the proliferation and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs and UCMSCs was compared in vitro. BMSCs and UCMSCs were respectively combined with biofunctionalized macroporous calcium phosphate cement, and their bone regenerative potentials were determined by investigating their capacity for ectopic bone formation in a nude mouse model as well as their efficacy in a rat model of tibia bone defect. The extent of bone regeneration was examined by X-ray, histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The results revealed that UCMSCs exhibited a good osteogenic differentiation potential, similarly to that of BMSCs, and that UCMSCs were able to contribute to the regeneration of bone and blood vessels. Furthermore, no significant differences were identified between BMSCs and UCMSCs in terms of their bone regenerative effect.

Tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cell-dependent osteogenesis in highly porous chitosan-based bone analogs

“…BMP-4, an osteogenic signaling molecule, having critical role in bone development,44 was majorly expressed in BM-MSC-laden composites.WJ-MSCs showed minimal osteogenic expression for all markers tested. Our results are largely in accordance with the literature in terms of the extent of osteogenesis reported in the order of BM-MSCs > AD-MSCs > WJ-MSCs (Figure 4B) 14,45,46. 3.2.5 | Immunofluorescence analysisMarkers spanning the different stages of osteogenesis, including early (COL I), mid (β-CATENIN), late (OCN, and osteocytic (SOST) differentiation, were analyzed for protein synthesis in cell-laden composites using immunofluorescence staining (Figure 4B).…”

“…Our results are largely in accordance with the literature in terms of the extent of osteogenesis reported in the order of BM‐MSCs > AD‐MSCs > WJ‐MSCs (Figure 4B). 14,45,46 …”

BMP9 promotes osteogenic differentiation of SMSCs by activating the JNK/Smad2/3 signaling pathway

“…Bone engineering makes refractory bone defect reconstruction feasible and the key lies in the selection of seed cells . Multiple studies have demonstrated that SMSCs possess the extensive proliferative ability and multilineage differentiation potential . Our current study demonstrated that SMSCs were similar to other stem cells in terms of immunophenotypes and could be differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro.…”

“…31,32 Multiple studies have demonstrated that SMSCs possess the extensive proliferative ability and multilineage differentiation potential. 33,34 Our current study demonstrated that SMSCs were similar to other stem cells in terms of immunophenotypes and could be differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro. Thus, the acceleration of osteogenesis by the SMSCs is valuable for improving bone formation in bone engineering.…”

The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on IGF Axis and Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration of the Periodontium

“…BM-MSCs, on the other hand, are considered the gold standard for cellular regenerative therapy and can be harvested from multiple donor sites in relatively large numbers. This means minimum need for expansion and versatility of applications including banking for future use [ 97 ] and both cell types have shown immune modulatory characteristics [ 98 , 99 , 100 ]. Therefore, both will be covered in the next sections.…”