Comparative evaluations of lignocellulose reactivity and usability in transgenic rice plants with altered lignin composition

Takeda, Yuri; Tobimatsu, Yuki; Yamamura, Masaomi; Takano, Toshiyuki; Sakamoto, Masahiro; Umezawa, Toshiaki

doi:10.1186/s10086-019-1784-6

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…). Because β–5 linkages can be only formed in G units derived from the polymerisation of coniferyl alcohol, the increase in β–5 units is consistent with the decreased S : G ratios in the 35S‐LS and F‐LS transgenics and in agreement with previous studies on transgenic plants with altered S : G ratios (Stewart et al , ; Anderson et al , ; Takeda et al , ; Takeda et al , ). Taken together, both thioacidolysis and 2D NMR data support our idea that G‐rich vessel and S‐rich fibre lignins are precisely altered in the transgenics obtained in this study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

et al. 2020

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Lignin is a major component of cell wall biomass and decisively affects biomass utilisation. Engineering of lignin biosynthesis is extensively studied, while lignin modification often causes growth defects.We developed a strategy for cell-type-specific modification of lignin to achieve improvements in cell wall property without growth penalty. We targeted a lignin-related transcription factor, LTF1, for modification of lignin biosynthesis. LTF1 can be engineered to a nonphosphorylation form which is introduced into Populus under the control of either a vessel-specific or fibre-specific promoter.The transgenics with lignin suppression in vessels showed severe dwarfism and thin-walled vessels, while the transgenics with lignin suppression in fibres displayed vigorous growth with normal vessels under phytotron, glasshouse and field conditions. In-depth lignin structural analyses revealed that such cell-type-specific downregulation of lignin biosynthesis led to the alteration of overall lignin composition in xylem tissues reflecting the population of distinctive lignin polymers produced in vessel and fibre cells.This study demonstrates that fibre-specific suppression of lignin biosynthesis resulted in the improvement of wood biomass quality and saccharification efficiency and presents an effective strategy to precisely regulate lignin biosynthesis with desired growth performance.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

et al. 2020

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“…The number of G units decreased with the 40-min pretreatment. This suggests that the β–O–4 bonds of the G units, which are determined by thioacidolysis, were more affected by HWP and, therefore, more susceptible to condensation than the S units, as already shown in rice and sugarcane bagasse [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluating polymer interplay after hot water pretreatment to investigate maize stem internode recalcitrance

Leroy

Falourd

Foucat

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Biomass recalcitrance is governed by various molecular and structural factors but the interplay between these multiscale factors remains unclear. In this study, hot water pretreatment (HWP) was applied to maize stem internodes to highlight the impact of the ultrastructure of the polymers and their interactions on the accessibility and recalcitrance of the lignocellulosic biomass. The impact of HWP was analysed at different scales, from the polymer ultrastructure or water mobility to the cell wall organisation by combining complementary compositional, spectral and NMR analyses. Results HWP increased the kinetics and yield of saccharification. Chemical characterisation showed that HWP altered cell wall composition with a loss of hemicelluloses (up to 45% in the 40-min HWP) and of ferulic acid cross-linking associated with lignin enrichment. The lignin structure was also altered (up to 35% reduction in β–O–4 bonds), associated with slight depolymerisation/repolymerisation depending on the length of treatment. The increase in $${T}_{1\rho }^{H}$$ T 1 ρ H , $${T}_{HH}$$ T HH and specific surface area (SSA) showed that the cellulose environment was looser after pretreatment. These changes were linked to the increased accessibility of more constrained water to the cellulose in the 5–15 nm pore size range. Conclusion The loss of hemicelluloses and changes in polymer structural features caused by HWP led to reorganisation of the lignocellulose matrix. These modifications increased the SSA and redistributed the water thereby increasing the accessibility of cellulases and enhancing hydrolysis. Interestingly, lignin content did not have a negative impact on enzymatic hydrolysis but a higher lignin condensed state appeared to promote saccharification. The environment and organisation of lignin is thus more important than its concentration in explaining cellulose accessibility. Elucidating the interactions between polymers is the key to understanding LB recalcitrance and to identifying the best severity conditions to optimise HWP in sustainable biorefineries.

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“…Because the presence of methoxyl groups leads to a lower percentage of carbon in monolignols, the decrease of S-lignin over G-lignin under limited N supply may lead to an increase in the heating value of the material 23 , 72 . The change in S/G lignin unit ratio may also affect cell wall degradability, although the relationship between S/G lignin unit ratio and degradability somehow varies among reports depending on the grass biomass source and biomass treatment technology 72 – 75 . In this study, we investigated the effects of N deficiency alone, but the effect of excess N on sorghum cell wall properties should also be examined in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deficiency results in changes to cell wall composition of sorghum seedlings

Rivai

Miyamoto

Awano

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] has been gaining attention as a feedstock for biomass energy production. While it is obvious that nitrogen (N) supply significantly affects sorghum growth and biomass accumulation, our knowledge is still limited regarding the effect of N on the biomass quality of sorghum, such as the contents and structures of lignin and other cell wall components. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of N supply on the structure and composition of sorghum cell walls. The cell walls of hydroponically cultured sorghum seedlings grown under sufficient or deficient N conditions were analyzed using chemical, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, gene expression, and immunohistochemical methods. We found that the level of N supply considerably affected the cell wall structure and composition of sorghum seedlings. Limitation of N led to a decrease in the syringyl/guaiacyl lignin unit ratio and an increase in the amount and alteration of tissue distribution of several hemicelluloses, including mixed linkage (1 → 3), (1 → 4)-β-d-glucan, and arabinoxylan. At least some of these cell wall alterations could be associated with changes in gene expression. Nitrogen status is thus one of the factors affecting the cell wall properties of sorghum seedlings.

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Comparative evaluations of lignocellulose reactivity and usability in transgenic rice plants with altered lignin composition

Cited by 22 publications

References 59 publications

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

Fibre‐specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis improves biomass quality in Populus

Evaluating polymer interplay after hot water pretreatment to investigate maize stem internode recalcitrance

Nitrogen deficiency results in changes to cell wall composition of sorghum seedlings

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