Comparative experimental and numerical analysis of bending behaviour of dry and low viscous infiltrated woven fabrics

Poppe, Christian; Rosenkranz, Tobias; Dörr, Dominik; Kärger, Luise

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.05.034

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…At a curvature of 0.01 mm −1 , the width-normalized moment is approximately 50% higher for the RBT compared to the FCT and VCT. Similar discrepancies were observed by Poppe et al [11] who gave two main explanations: 1) Sliding friction in the clamps of the RBT and 2) a reduced specimen thickness of the FCT and VCT near the fixation due to the clamping force. It should be remarked, though, that for FCT, VCT and RBT, the slopes, i.e.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The test was denoted the rheometer bending test (RBT). See also the study by Poppe et al [11] that features a comparison between the RBT and the FCT for a low viscous infiltrated fabric. The authors reported that the RBT in general would predict a higher bending stiffness than the FCT which among others was explained by sliding friction of the specimen in the moving clamp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehending the Bending: A Comparison of Different Test Setups for Measuring the Out-of-Plane Flexural Rigidity of a UD Fabric

Krogh

Broberg

Kepler

et al. 2022

KEM

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To simulate the forming process of a unidirectional (UD) glass fiber non-crimp fabric (NCF) for wind turbine blades, the fabric material needs to be characterized. In this way, input to the material model of the simulation can be generated. One important deformation to characterize is the out-of-plane bending. A number of test setups have been described in the literature but it is not clear which setup is more appropriate for the UD NCF under consideration. Therefore, five different out-of-plane bending test setups are compared and discussed, namely Peirce's cantilever test (with an inclined plane), the free-hanging cantilever test, a vertical cantilever test, a rotary rheometer bending test and a buckling test. For the latter an inverse modeling approach is developed. The test results shows that similar flexural rigidities can be computed from the different test setups but that some values are sensitive to the parameters used in the data processing techniques.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehending the Bending: A Comparison of Different Test Setups for Measuring the Out-of-Plane Flexural Rigidity of a UD Fabric

Krogh

Broberg

Kepler

et al. 2022

KEM

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show abstract

“…The rotation bending test allows for high-curvature deformation with rate and temperature dependence, high data acquisition accuracy, and a small test environment to perform test programs in a time-efficient manner. Several CFRTP materials have already been characterized using this approach by several research groups for material modeling and validation purposes, including published data [14,18,[22][23][24][25]. Typical bending moments for single-tape specimens at processing temperatures are in the range of 10 −4 Nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Rotation Bending Test Method and Characterization of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Tapes at Processing Temperatures

Laresser,

Miron,

Kracalik

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Bending is one of the dominant material deformation mechanisms that occurs during the forming process of unidirectional (UD) thermoplastic tapes. Experimental characterization of the bending behavior at processing temperatures is crucial to obtaining close-to-reality data sets for process analysis or material modeling for process simulation. The main purpose of this study is to characterize to a high degree of accuracy the temperature-dependent bending behavior of single and multi-ply specimens of carbon fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (PC/CF) UD tapes at processing temperatures, which implies a molten state of the thermoplastic matrix. The application of the rotation bending test using a customized fixture may come with systematic deviations in the measured moment that result from a pivot offset or an effective clearance that is unknown under realistic test conditions. The present research analyzes these effects with analytical methods, experimental investigations, and simulations using a finite element model. In this context, a compensation method for the toe-in effect is evaluated. With this approach, we were able to obtain reliable data and characterize the bending resistance within the desired processing window. The data reveal a major drop in bending resistance between 200 °C and 250 °C and a less significant decrease between 250 °C and 300 °C. Analysis of the thickness-normalized bending resistances indicates a non-linear relationship between specimen thickness and measured moment but an increasing shear-dominated characteristic at higher temperatures.

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“…State of the art forming simulation approaches mainly apply conventional two-dimensional shell approaches [5] to efficiently model the deformation of thin fibrous reinforcements, since they allow for high aspect ratios while still accurately describing the membrane and bending behaviour. However, those approaches cannot model out-of-plane compaction, which is an important forming mechanism to predict local fibre volume contents [6] and influences the permeability of the reinforcement during processes such as wet compressions moulding [7,8]. To predict these effects and the final thickness of the part, a three-dimensional FE-formulation is necessary.…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Schäfer¹,

Dörr²,

Kärger³

2021

Esaform 2021

Self Cite

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Finite element (FE) forming simulation offers the possibility of a detailed analysis of the deformation behaviour of engineering textiles during forming processes, to predict possible manufacturing effects such as wrinkling or local changes in fibre volume content. The majority of macroscopic simulations are based on conventional two-dimensional shell elements with large aspect ratios to model the membrane and bending behaviour of thin fabrics efficiently. However, a three-dimensional element approach is necessary to account for stresses and strains in thickness direction accurately, which is required for processes with a significant influence of the fabric’s compaction behaviour, e.g. wet compression moulding. Conventional linear 3D-solid elements that would be commercially available for this purpose are rarely suitable for high aspect ratio forming simulations. They are often subjected to several locking phenomena under bending deformation, which leads to a strong dependence of the element formulation on the forming behaviour [1]. Therefore, in the present work a 3D hexahedral solid-shell element, based on the initial work of Schwarze and Reese [2,3], which has shown promising results for the forming of thin isotropic materials [1], is extended for highly anisotropic materials. The advantages of a locking-free element formulation are shown through a comparison to commercially available solid and shell elements in forming simulations of a generic geometry. Additionally, first ideas for an approach of a membrane-bending-decoupling based on a Taylor approximation of the strain are discussed, which is necessary for an accurate description of the deformation behaviour of thin fabrics.

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Comparative experimental and numerical analysis of bending behaviour of dry and low viscous infiltrated woven fabrics

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Comprehending the Bending: A Comparison of Different Test Setups for Measuring the Out-of-Plane Flexural Rigidity of a UD Fabric

Comprehending the Bending: A Comparison of Different Test Setups for Measuring the Out-of-Plane Flexural Rigidity of a UD Fabric

Analysis of the Rotation Bending Test Method and Characterization of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Tapes at Processing Temperatures

Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

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