Comparative Genetics of MHC Polymorphisms in Different Primate Species: Duplications and Deletions

Bontrop, Ronald E.

doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.03.007

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In humans, these three genes are known to have various deleterious mutations and are considered to be pseudogenes. Orthologous segments have been found in various nonhuman primate species as well (10). In order to analyze the intron sequences of these pseudogenes in further detail, a BLAST search of bacterial artificial chromosomes was performed, which revealed the presence of extremely long introns within these pseudogenes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such copy number variation is observed not only with the human population but is even more prominently present in great apes such as in chimpanzees (15) and in Old World monkeys such as rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (19)(20)(21). The HLA-DR region configuration contains pseudogenes, and orthologous structures have been detected in many primate species (10). In this context, two observations are of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…1). Orthologs of these genes have been described for chimpanzees, gorillas, and rhesus and cynomolgus macaques (8,10,13,21,35,38,39,48,53), whereas similarity to New World monkeys is based on convergent evolution (4,43). In some cases, the absence of exon 2 similarities did not allow the assignation of a particular nonhuman primate DRB allele to a lineage or a locus, as the obvious human equivalent is lacking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impact of Endogenous Intronic Retroviruses on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Diversity and Stability

Doxiadis

Groot

Bontrop

2008

J Virol

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represents a multigene family that is known to display allelic and gene copy number variations. Primate species such as humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) show DRB region configuration polymorphism at the population level, meaning that the number and content of DRB loci may vary per haplotype. Introns of primate DRB alleles differ significantly in length due to insertions of transposable elements as long endogenous retrovirus (ERV) and human ERV (HERV) sequences in the DRB2, DRB6, and DRB7 pseudogenes. Although the integration of intronic HERVs resulted sooner or later in the inactivation of the targeted genes, the fixation of these endogenous retroviral segments over long time spans seems to have provided evolutionary advantage. Intronic HERVs may have integrated in a sense or an antisense manner. On the one hand, antisense-oriented retroelements such as HERV-K14I, observed in intron 2 of the DRB7 genes in humans and chimpanzees, seem to promote stability, as configurations/alleles containing these hits have experienced strong conservative selection during primate evolution. On the other hand, the HERVK3I present in intron 1 of all DRB2 and/or DRB6 alleles tested so far integrated in a sense orientation. The data suggest that multigenic regions in particular may benefit from sense introgressions by HERVs, as these elements seem to promote and maintain the generation of diversity, whereas these types of integrations may be lethal in monogenic systems, since they are known to influence transcript regulation negatively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Endogenous Intronic Retroviruses on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Diversity and Stability

Doxiadis

Groot

Bontrop

2008

J Virol

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“…67 Complementing similar behavioral traits, nonhuman primates share a number of genetic traits, including orthologous MHC genes, with humans. 130 Further, identical MHC allele motifs are associated with resistance to related pathogens, for example, to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), the predecessor of HIV. 131 One difficulty with the study of human MHC-mediated mate choice is that current humans have ways of manipulating our microbiota, odor, and physical attributes, modifying signals of condition.…”

Section: Human Vs Nonhuman Primate Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the evidence for major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate selection in humans and nonhuman primates

Winternitz¹,

Abbate²

2015

RRB

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Compounds of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are integral for effective vertebrate adaptive immune response, and are also implicated as cues for sexual selection. The evidence for this is supportive of MHC-based preference for diverse and dissimilar mating partners, in a range of vertebrates from fish to nonhuman primates. However, the evidence for a similar role of these genes and the evolutionary benefits of their diversity in human mate choice has been more controversial. Here, we review the results of 34 primary studies on MHC-mediated mate choice in humans and nonhuman primates in an effort to understand what processes may underscore, or belie, such differences. Both human and nonhuman primate studies show evidence of mate selection for MHC-dissimilarity and diversity, with fewer results in support of mate selection for optimal diversity or for specific "good gene". In general, stronger support comes from female-choice studies as opposed to male-choice studies (though male preferences and choice are investigated less often). This review suggests that the majority of mate choice results from contemporary human studies are consistent with our evolutionary history, but also reveals that only in humans do we find evidence for preference for mates with similar MHC composition. Overall, we show that contextual nuances, namely, population structure, multiple sensory cues that signal different information, and hormonal influences may explain the conflicting results observed for the role of MHC in human sexual preference, and argue for the exploration of such caveats in less well-studied systems to discern between general patterns and qualities unique to humans.

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“…Class I genes are expressed on almost all nucleated cells and act in defence against intracellular (mainly viral) pathogens, while class II genes are expressed on immune cells and involved in detecting antigens (mainly bacterial and parasitic) from the extracellular environment [17]. Within regions, species differ in the number, organisation, sequence and allelic diversity of MHC genes [18], but long-term retention of allelic lineages within the primate order reflects shared evolutionary history combined with vulnerability to similar pathogenic pressures [18].…”

Section: Why Primates?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden benefits of sex: Evidence for MHC‐associated mate choice in primate societies

Setchell

Huchard

2010

BioEssays

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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-associated mate choice is thought to give offspring a fitness advantage through disease resistance. Primates offer a unique opportunity to understand MHC-associated mate choice within our own zoological order, while their social diversity provides an exceptional setting to examine the genetic determinants and consequences of mate choice in animal societies. Although mate choice is constrained by social context, increasing evidence shows that MHCdependent mate choice occurs across the order in a variety of socio-sexual systems and favours mates with dissimilar, diverse or specific genotypes non-exclusively. Recent research has also identified phenotypic indicators of MHC quality. Moreover, novel findings rehabilitate the importance of olfactory cues in signalling MHC genes and influencing primate mating decisions. These findings underline the importance to females of selecting a sexual partner of high genetic quality, as well as the generality of the role of MHC genes in sexual selection.

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Comparative Genetics of MHC Polymorphisms in Different Primate Species: Duplications and Deletions

Cited by 76 publications

References 102 publications

Impact of Endogenous Intronic Retroviruses on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Diversity and Stability

Impact of Endogenous Intronic Retroviruses on Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Diversity and Stability

Examining the evidence for major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate selection in humans and nonhuman primates

The hidden benefits of sex: Evidence for MHC‐associated mate choice in primate societies

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