Comparative Global Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Diseases Using Meta-MUMS Tool Through Incidence, Mortality, and Recovery Rates
Abstract:As an unexplained respiratory disease epidemic, which is similar to respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV, it rapidly spread all over the world. The study aims to compare several parameters of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV infectious diseases in terms of incidence, mortality, and recovery rates. The publicly available dataset Worldometer (extracted on April 5, 2020) confirmed by WHO report was available for meta-analysis purposes using the Meta-MUMS tool. And, the reported outcomes of the analysis used a random-ef… Show more
“… 1 To date (November 2020), the pandemic has resulted in more than 55 million infected individuals worldwide and ∼1.3 million deaths. 2 Whereas the majority (80%) of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit mildly symptomatic, self-limited coronavirus disease (COVID-19), approximately 15% of infected subjects progress to severe pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen and 5% further progress to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and/or multi organ failure (MOF) 3 ( Figure 1 ) which drives mortality rates that surpass 40%. Figure 1 Stages of Illness Severity following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.…”
Section: Overview: Serious Unmet Needs In the Covid-19 Pandemic Landsmentioning
Approximately 15%-20% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) progress beyond mild and self-limited disease to require supplemental oxygen for severe pneumonia; 5% of COVID-19-infected patients further develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Despite mortality rates surpassing 40%, key insights into COVID-19-induced ARDS pathology have not been fully elucidated and multiple unmet needs remain. This review focuses on the unmet need for effective therapies that target unchecked innate immunity-driven inflammation which drives unchecked vascular permeability, multi-organ dysfunction and ARDS mortality. Additional unmet needs including the lack of insights into factors predicting pathogenic hyperinflammatory viral host responses, limited approaches to address the vast disease heterogeneity in ARDS, and the absence of clinically-useful ARDS biomarkers. We review unmet needs persisting in COVID-19-induced ARDS in the context of the potential role for damage-associated molecular pattern proteins in lung and systemic hyperinflammatory host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that ultimately drive multiorgan dysfunction and ARDS mortality. Insights into promising stratification-enhancing, biomarker-based strategies in COVID-19 and non-COVID ARDS may enable the design of successful clinical trials of promising therapies.
“… 1 To date (November 2020), the pandemic has resulted in more than 55 million infected individuals worldwide and ∼1.3 million deaths. 2 Whereas the majority (80%) of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit mildly symptomatic, self-limited coronavirus disease (COVID-19), approximately 15% of infected subjects progress to severe pneumonia requiring supplemental oxygen and 5% further progress to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and/or multi organ failure (MOF) 3 ( Figure 1 ) which drives mortality rates that surpass 40%. Figure 1 Stages of Illness Severity following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.…”
Section: Overview: Serious Unmet Needs In the Covid-19 Pandemic Landsmentioning
Approximately 15%-20% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) progress beyond mild and self-limited disease to require supplemental oxygen for severe pneumonia; 5% of COVID-19-infected patients further develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. Despite mortality rates surpassing 40%, key insights into COVID-19-induced ARDS pathology have not been fully elucidated and multiple unmet needs remain. This review focuses on the unmet need for effective therapies that target unchecked innate immunity-driven inflammation which drives unchecked vascular permeability, multi-organ dysfunction and ARDS mortality. Additional unmet needs including the lack of insights into factors predicting pathogenic hyperinflammatory viral host responses, limited approaches to address the vast disease heterogeneity in ARDS, and the absence of clinically-useful ARDS biomarkers. We review unmet needs persisting in COVID-19-induced ARDS in the context of the potential role for damage-associated molecular pattern proteins in lung and systemic hyperinflammatory host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that ultimately drive multiorgan dysfunction and ARDS mortality. Insights into promising stratification-enhancing, biomarker-based strategies in COVID-19 and non-COVID ARDS may enable the design of successful clinical trials of promising therapies.
“…In the early stage of COVID-19, major symptoms were fever, dry cough, fatigue, and then breath difficulties, and severe cases can deteriorate to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or septic shock, even death. On April 20, 2020, cumulative confirmed cases have reached 84,278 in China according to a report of WHO ( 6 ).…”
Objective: The prognosis of mild and severe patients has prominent differences during the prevalence of COVID-19, and it will be significant to identify patients' potential risk of progressing to severe cases according to their first clinical presentations. Therefore, we aim to review the clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 epidemic systematically.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for studies about the clinical features of COVID-19 in China from March 18 to April 18. Then we used REVMAN to conduct a meta-analysis.Results: After screening, 20 articles including 3,326 COVID-19 confirmed cases were selected from 142 articles we retrieved at the beginning of our research. We divided all the cases into a severe group (including severe and critically severe patients) and a mild group according to the “Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Infection-Induced Pneumonia” version 4 (trial). Of all the initial symptoms (including fever, cough, abdominal pain, anorexia, chest tightness, diarrhea, dyspnea, expectoration, fatigue, headache, hemoptysis, myalgia, nausea or vomiting, and pharyngalgia) we studied, we found that cough (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.7; p < 0.001), fever (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9; p < 0.001), dyspnea (OR = 6.2, 95% CI: 3.6–10.6; p < 0.001), diarrhea (OR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9; p < 0.001), fatigue (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3; p < 0.01), expectoration (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.6; p < 0.01), myalgia (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8–3.1; p < 0.001), hemoptysis (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.5–11.3; p < 0.001), abdominal pain (OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.4–23.4; p < 0.001), and anorexia (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.5–5.1; p < 0.001) had a different distribution in two groups and were statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion:COVID-19 patients whose initial manifestation is dyspnea, hemoptysis, anorexia, diarrhea, or fatigue, especially abdominal pain should be closely monitored to prevent disease deterioration.
“…However, one notable difference is the ease with which the COVID-19 virus enters the host cell, which is estimated to be 1000 times more efficient than with SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) or MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome), making widespread transmission a central challenge. [4][5][6] Symptomatic patients often present with fever and dry cough, and depending on the severity of the lung injury, there is a decrease in oxygen saturation. 7 For patients who are paucisymptomatic and mildly hypoxic, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have recommended supportive oxygen therapy as the first-line therapy.…”
Implementing emergency department (ED) and hospital patient throughput management coupled with athome medical and tele-management upon discharge may increase surge capacity during national emergencies and pandemics. This novel intensive transitional care management (ITCM) intervention presents the opportunity to optimize hospital bed capacity through prevention of inpatient admissions for patients who could be discharged home safely with appropriate in-home medical support and tele-management. This observational cohort intervention was conducted between April 7, 2020 and April 30, 2020, at the 4 largest inpatient facilities of RWJBarnabas Health System in New Jersey. The intervention group included a convenience sample of 192 patients who were evaluated in the ED, monitored in the observation unit, or admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. Their outcomes were compared to a matched comparison group of 593 patients who were admitted with the same COVID-19related diagnosis and severity. The primary outcome was the reduction in inpatient days as a result of the intervention that included provision of at-home oxygen supplementation therapy, expanded home care services, and tele-management sessions. Secondary outcomes were re-encounters with the health system in the ED, observation unit, or inpatient readmissions. A total of 481.6 hospital patient days were avoided for 78 patients who had been discharged from the ED or observation unit stays. Secondary analysis included hospital readmission rates. The ITCM intervention demonstrated a feasible strategy for improving throughput of patients with COVID-19, resulting in increased hospital bed capacity.
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