Comparative Growth and Survival ofHylurgus ligniperda(Coleoptera: Scolytinae) andArhopalus ferus(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Reared on Artificial or Natural Diet at 15 or 25°C

Abstract

Two saproxylic forest insects, Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant)(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were reared on artificial or natural diet at 15 or 25°C to compare larval growth rates and survival. A significant diet by temperature interaction was observed in the growth of H. ligniperda larvae,which developed faster when reared on natural diet at 15°C, but grew faster and pupated significantly earlier when reared on artificial diet at 25°C. However, H. ligniperda survival by the end of the experiment was low on both diets when reared at 25°C (10.1%, 95% CI: 5.2–15.1%), which suggests that rearing at lower temperatures may be required. A. ferus larvae gained significantly larger body size when reared on artificial diet than on natural diet at both temperatures. Survival of A. ferus reared on artificial diet was significantly lower than larvae reared on natural diet at 25°C. The significant differences between A. ferus larval development rates when reared on artificial and natural diets preclude the use of artificial diet to collect meaningful data to construct temperature development models for ecological comparisons. Artificial diet provided a suitable medium for mass production of individuals for research purposes, e.g., test mortality in response to treatments. However, additional rearing studies are needed to determine whether the larger artificially reared larvae result in adults that are healthier, more productive, and live longer.

Tolerance of Hylurgus ligniperda (F.) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) and Arhopalus ferus (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to ionising radiation: a comparison with existing generic radiation phytosanitary treatments

“…Once van Haandel et al New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2017) 47:18synchronised, batches of stored eggs were incubated at 20 ± 1.5°C. Upon emergence, neonate larvae were transferred in batches of 20 to Petri dishes of artificial diet (a modification of Rogers et al (2002) as described by Romo et al (2015)) and reared at 20 ± 1.5°C until treatment. Pupae were held in Petri dishes of artificial diet at a constant 10 ± 1.5°C until treatment.…”

“…Arhopalus ferus lay large egg batches; hence, no periods of chilling were required to synchronise the availability of sufficient individuals for rearing. Once hatched, 10 neonate A. ferus larvae were placed in each Petri dish of artificial diet (Romo et al 2015) and reared at 20.0 ± 1.5°C until they were used in tests. Logs are exported from New Zealand within 5 months of harvest, and laboratory studies at a range of temperatures have shown that A. ferus does not pupate in this time (Romo et al unpublished data).…”

Ecological Niche Studies on Hylurgus ligniperda and Its Co-Host Stem-Boring Insects

“…Previous research on H. ligniperda was oriented towards investigating the compositions and types of associated fungal populations and related bacterial communities, to explore the roles they may play in the invasion process of H. ligniperda [17,18], its life cycle [19,20], and its detection and trapping effectiveness [21]. However, H. ligniperda can damage the host Pinus thunbergii (Parl) alongside other native pests in newly invaded areas.…”

The Sweetgum Inscriber, Acanthotomicus suncei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Reared on Artificial Diets and American Sweetgum Logs

“…This can be alleviated by using an artificial diet [ 11 , 12 ]. Scolytine bark beetles have been reared in the laboratory from the egg to the adult stage on natural diets [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and artificial diets [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”