Comparative Histology and Subcellular Structure of Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Spermatozoa

Manandhar, Gaurishankar; Šutovský, Peter

doi:10.1002/9780470390290.ch3c

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…However, the human CD is more proximal, located at the neck as opposed to the end of the annulus [9] (Figure 1A). Due to the mitochondrial helix that forms around the core of the axoneme-outer dense fibers complex, the midpiece has a large diameter relative to the rest of the cell [10]. …”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet

Rengan

Agarwal

Linde

et al. 2012

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

103

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Recent studies have shown cytoplasmic droplets to be normal morphological occurrences in human male spermatozoa. When the cytoplasm around the sperm midpiece is present in large amounts, however, pathological effects may transpire. The cytoplasmic droplet then becomes known as excess residual cytoplasm, which can impair overall sperm function and produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species, potentially leading to male infertility. Though the distinction between cytoplasmic droplets and excess residual cytoplasm has been made, some studies fail to recognize the difference and incorrectly label the latter as a cytoplasmic droplet. This review attempts to clarify excess residual cytoplasm’s effect on fertility, examine the enzymes responsible, and suggest tests and possible treatment options for those affected by this defect.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet

Rengan

Agarwal

Linde

et al. 2012

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

103

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show abstract

“…In the Sunda porcupine, spermatozoa had a sperm head lacking the apical hook. This is different from the common apical hook of the sperm of most rodents, including experimental rodents such as rats and mice [15, 17, 25, 34, 35]. This sperm head type found in the Sunda porcupine is known as a spatulate sperm head or pear-shaped sperm head and is also observed in other several rodents such as Mediterranean pine vole ( Microtus duodecimcostatus ), bastard big-footed mouse ( Macrotarsomys bastardy ), Dormouse tufted-tailed rat ( Eliurus myoxinus ) and African greater cane rat ( Thryonomys swinderianus ) [11, 17, 40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

An immunohistochemical study on testicular steroidogenesis in the Sunda porcupine (<i>Hystrix javanica</i>)

Nurliani

Sasaki

Budipitojo

et al. 2019

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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In the testes of the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica), the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and steroidogenic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), was immunohistochemically examined to clarify the location of steroidogenesis. In this study, complete spermatogenesis (spermiogenesis) was observed in the testes of the examined Sunda porcupine, and spermatozoa of the Sunda porcupine had a spatulate sperm head unlike that of rats and mice which has an apical hook. On immunostaining of StAR, P450scc, 3β-HSD, P450c17 and P450arom, immunoreactivity for all proteins was only detected in the Leydig cells and not observed within the seminiferous tubules, suggesting that the Leydig cells can synthesize both androgen and estrogen from cholesterol in the Sunda porcupine testes.

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“…Mammalian spermatogenesis is a dynamic process, during which the structure of sperm chromatin undergoes extensive alterations during the male germ‐cell development. These alterations are facilitated by a series of meiotic and mitotic events and the addition of protamines, ultimately leading to formation of tightly packed sperm chromatin (Manandhar & Sutovsky, ). The impact of in vivo exposures to potential mutagens, on the male germ line, is likely to be much greater than that observed with in vitro exposure of mature spermatozoa for short periods of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroeffects of nonylphenol on motility, mitochondrial, acrosomal and chromatin integrity of ram and boar spermatozoa

et al. 2014

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nonylphenol (NP) on viability of ram and boar sperm in vitro. Ram or boar spermatozoa were exposed to 1, 10, 100, 250 and 500 μg NP ml(-1) for 1, 2, 3 or 4 h. Computer-assisted sperm motility analysis (CASA) system was used to evaluate sperm motility characteristics. Flow cytometry was used to determine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and chromatin integrity, while epifluorescent microscopy was used to determine sperm acrosomal status. Exposure of both species spermatozoa to 250 and 500 μg NP ml(-1) was detrimental to progressive motility (P < 0.05), and its adverse effect was significant at lower (100 μg NP ml(-1) ) concentration (P < 0.05). The percentages of ram and boar spermatozoa with high MMP declined drastically after exposures to ≥250 μg ml(-1) NP (P < 0.05). Unlike chromatin integrity, which did not appear to be altered by NP exposure, there were dose-dependent NP effects (P < 0.05) on acrosomal integrity of both species at as low as 1 μg ml(-1) NP for boar spermatozoa and 10 μg ml(-1) NP for ram spermatozoa. These data show adverse effects of NP on ram and boar spermatozoa and thus its potential harmful effects on male reproduction as NP is found in fruits, vegetables, human milk, fish and livestock products.

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Comparative Histology and Subcellular Structure of Mammalian Spermatogenesis and Spermatozoa

Cited by 10 publications

References 66 publications

An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet

An investigation of excess residual cytoplasm in human spermatozoa and its distinction from the cytoplasmic droplet

An immunohistochemical study on testicular steroidogenesis in the Sunda porcupine (<i>Hystrix javanica</i>)

In vitroeffects of nonylphenol on motility, mitochondrial, acrosomal and chromatin integrity of ram and boar spermatozoa

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