Comparative immunomodulatory efficacy of rosemary and fenugreek against Escherichia coli infection via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress in broilers

Abstract

Broilers are frequently infected with Escherichia coli (E.Coli) bacteria, which often leads to the emergence of many diseases and high economic losses. Hence, the present study was performed to assess the comparative e cacy of dietary rosemary and fenugreek, under E.Coli-infection in broilers, via evaluation of growth performance, biochemical indices, immunological response and histo-morphological changes.Eighty Cobb broilers were allotted to four equal groups (n=20 chicks/group); control non-infected (CN), control infected (CI), rosemary infected (RI) and fenugreek infected (FI) groups. RI and FI groups showed a signi cant elevation in their body weight and body weight gain compared with CI group. Moreover, both groups revealed a signi cant decline in serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as uric acid and creatinine levels. Signi cant decreases of total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were noted among CI chicks. Moreover, distinctly higher levels were evident in both RI and FI groups. Immunomodulatory markers assessment showed a signi cant increase in immunoglobulin G with a signi cant decline in interleukin-6 level in both RI and FI groups, with the lowest IL-6 value within FI group. Histopathological evaluations focused on the deleterious effect associated with E-Coli infection of broilers' liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, bursa of fabricius, and thymus. A partial histological improvement was noticed among RI group, and nearly normal tissues were recorded in FI group. Overall, these ndings suggest the ability of fenugreek to mitigate the adverse effects of E.Coli-infection on broiler performance and tissue pictures, through improvement of the chicken general health condition.

Egg Quality, Oxidative Status, Serum Metabolic Profile and Intestinal Morphology of Laying Hens as Influenced by a Dietary Mixed Powder of Plant Leaves

“…Lee et al (2019) [182] noted that 1,8-cineole of laurel leaves reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Farouk et al (2022) [183] reported a significant increase in immunoglobulin G with a significant decline in IL-6 level in broilers treated with rosemary leaf powder (5 g/kg ration). Tsai et al (2013) [184] reported that ethanolic rosemary extract treatment, in the progression of inflammation, significantly suppressed the secretion and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α, due to diminished nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and Toll-like receptor (TLR2) mediated signaling pathways.…”

Therapeutic Effect of Natural Products and Dietary Supplements on Aflatoxin-Induced Nephropathy

“…Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum graecum L.) is a member of the Fabaceae family that has been used in folk medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments [ 167 , 168 ]. It exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial functions, anti-cancer activity, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, immunomodulatory, and anti-aflatoxin effects [ 169 , 170 , 171 ]. Fenugreek has been shown to exert hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects by reducing lipid peroxidation levels in the liver and kidney, in addition to enhancing cellular antioxidant defense in rats [ 172 , 173 , 174 ].…”

Carnosol ameliorates sevoflurane induced cognitive impairment in aged rats by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome via activation of autophagy

“…(Salvia rosmarinus) is a Mediterranean plant that is now widely available in several countries [5,6]. Rosemary extract can be used to treat inflammation-related diseases [7].…”