Comparative impact of platelet rich plasma and transforming growth factor-β on chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells

Abstract

<span style="color: #1f497d;">Introduction: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is known as standard chondrogenic differentiation agent, even though it comes with undesirable side effects such as early hypertrophic maturation, mineralization, and secretion of inflammatory/angiogenic factors. On the other hand, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is found to have a chondrogenic impact on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, with no considerable side effects. Therefore, we compared chondrogenic impact of TGF-β and PRP on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), to see if PRP could be introduced as an alternative to TGF-β. <br /> <span style="color: #1f497d;">Methods: Differentiation of ADSCs was monitored using a couple of methods including glycosaminoglycan production, miRNAs expression, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium content assays.<br /> <span style="color: #1f497d;">Results: Accordingly, the treatment of differentiating cells with 5% (v/v) PRP resulted in higher glycosaminoglycan production, enhanced SOX9 transcription, and lowered TNFα and VEGF secretion compared to the control and TGF-β groups. Besides, the application of PRP to the media up-regulated miR-146a and miR-199a in early and late stages of chondrogenesis, respectively. <span style="color: #1f497d;">Conclusion: PRP induces in vitro chondrogenesis, as well as TGF-β with lesser inflammatory and hypertrophic side effects.

Micro Magnetic Field Produced by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Bone Scaffold for Enhancing Cellular Activity

“…Zhu et al [ 9 ] added TGF-β1 to nano-HA/PLLA composite scaffold and found that TGF-β1 released and promoted the adhesion, spreading, proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although the growth factors can improve cellular activity, they are very expensive and have a decay half-life [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The fast decay rate makes its biological activity decrease quickly and it cannot be continuously and steadily enhanced, which has greatly limited their wide range of clinical applications.…”

Chondrogenic stimulation in mesenchymal stem cells using scaffold‐based sustained release of platelet‐rich plasma

“…44,77 Moreover, the dominant effect of PRP on differentiation of MSCs against individual GFs such as TGF-β was presented by Hesari et al They also demonstrated that PRP has lower side effects like inflammation and hypertrophy. 78 In this study, AlgS microbeads were served as a sustained growth factor delivery system. Although CaCl 2 acts as an AlgS cross-linker, it could start platelet activation to be lysed and release GFs.…”

“…19,32 In addition, multiple GFs of PRP have a greater biological effect than a single type of GF on the regeneration of damaged articular cartilage. 78,83 Moreover, the alginate hydrogels are reported as an appropriate carrier for differentiation and maintaining the chondrogenic morphology and phenotype. 36,84 However, for more precise judgment about potential of hyaline cartilage formation against fibrocartilage, which is a concerning issue in current MSC-based treatment, it seems the expression of collagen I should be considered at later stage of differentiation (e.g., Day 28) too.…”

Bioprinting Tissue Analogues with Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Regeneration and Tissue Models of Cartilage and Intervertebral Discs

“…This approach is justified by reports that type II collagen alone can support the deposition of cartilage ECM and rounded chondrocyte morphology, [57] which could be further promoted with addition of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). [58] On the other hand, retaining the GAG tissue content during decellularization could potentially improve dECM properties. GAG retention increases the elasticity, compressive and tensile properties of dECM.…”

“…This approach is justified by reports that type II collagen alone can support the deposition of cartilage ECM and rounded chondrocyte morphology, [ 57 ] which could be further promoted with addition of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β). [ 58 ]…”