Comparative in vitro efficacy of eight essential oils as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet-turtles

Abstract

Essential oils are plant extracts that have been used for their antimicrobial properties for centuries. The keeping of turtles as pets exhibits a growing trend worldwide but these animals are known to harbour a range of pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, we assessed eight essential oils as alternative antibacterial agents against nine species of pet turtle-borne Gram-negative bacteria, namely Aeromonas caviae, A. dhakensis, A. hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all other bacterial species showed high susceptibility to six essential oils, namely oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus oils in descending order of efficacy. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations values of the essential oils against all tested species except for P. aeruginosa showed low heterogeneity, showing that these essential oils can effectively control the growth of nearly all the tested. However, most of the tested bacteria were multiple-antibiotic-resistant as determined in the antibiotic disc diffusion test, with multiple-antibiotic-resistant index values of ≥ 0.2 for most of the strains. Therefore, with regards to their in vitro activity in controlling growth of multi-drug resistant bacteria, we can classify oregano, cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, lavender and eucalyptus essential oils as effective antibacterial agents. Thus, prospective application of these essential oils in controlling and treating these bacteria should be considered.

Biodegradable Alginate Films with ZnO Nanoparticles and Citronella Essential Oil—A Novel Antimicrobial Structure

“…The major constituents of citronella essential oil (CEO), among other substances, are citral, citronellal and citronellol [ 38 , 39 ]. CEO is considered a non-toxic biopesticide in the US [ 40 ] which also has a very strong antifungal and antibacterial activity [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The bare alginate films exhibit a poor performance regarding water vapor permeability (WVP).…”

Minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs with external otitis

“…However, different concentration ranges aiming at an optimal dose could be assayed to kill S. aureus since its lipophilic activity is increased over higher concentrations (Córdoba et al, 2019). Other studies have demonstrated that the EO of C. citratus has a good antimicrobial effect against bacteria isolated from turtle and human newborns (Silva et al, 2018;Oliveira et al, 2019). Sahal et al (2020) as a potential antifungal and antibiofilm agent that can be used to prevent contamination in silicone rubber prostheses and medical devices.…”

Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Antimicrobial Capacity of Extracts and Essential Oils of Syzygium aromaticum, Citrus L. and Origanum L.: Contrasting the Results of Different Antimicrobial Susceptibility Methods

“…After evaluating the collected publications, a total of 131 papers published since 2000 were considered appropriate for inclusion [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72…”