Comparative Insight upon Chitosan Solution and Chitosan Nanoparticles Application on the Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual Grape Components of Sousão Variety

Abstract

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has been previously proposed as an elicitor in plants to prevent pathogen infections. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles treatment applied on the grapevine variety Sousão with respect to the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of its individual grape components. Grapevine plants of selected lines were sprayed with chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles, and ethanolic extracts of stems, seeds and skins were prepared from grapevines treated and not treated with chitosan. Total phenolic, anthocyanin and tannin contents were studied, and the identification of the individual phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD. The antimicrobial susceptibility method was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Overall, there was small increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in grape components treated with chitosan solution. Seed extracts showed the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The studied individual components obtained from chitosan-treated grapevines could represent an added value due to the increased antioxidant and antibacterial potentials. The phenolic compounds found in components may be used in food and pharmaceutical industries as natural food preservers and antibiotic adjuvants.

Antimicrobial Activity of Phenolic Compounds Extracted from <em>Platanus hybrida</em>: Exploring Alternative Therapies for a Post-Antibiotic Era

“…It has often been reported that polyphenolic extracts are more efficient against Gram-positive bacteria [12]. Cell walls of Gramnegative represent a major barrier for the entry of phenolic compounds into cell cytoplasm due to the repulsion between lipopolysaccharide found in the surfaces of Gram-negative bacteria and phenols [13]. However, in this study, phenolic extracts did not have any effect against two Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecium and E. faecalis) and one Gram-negative bacteria (S. enteritidis).…”

(Z)-3-Hexenyl Butyrate Induces Stomata Closure and Ripening in Vitis vinifera

“…Phytohormonal control has also been suggested as another strategy since hormones such as ABA, ethylene, brassinosteroids or gibberellins provide many signals for the onset of ripening [4,47,48]. Other compounds known as elicitors such as benzothiadiazole, methyl jasmonate, chitosan and yeast extract, have demonstrated their efficacy for increasing grape phenolic content [49][50][51]. HB treatments could somehow be activating ethylene biosynthesis in grapevines, therefore promoting the anthocyanin accumulation in a similar manner to the positive control (FRUITEL; [52]).…”

The Impact of Foliar Spray of Chitosan Nano-particles and Bulk Form on Crimson Seedless Grapevine Quality and Productivity

“…Also Ferri et al (2009) stated that Chitosan increases the anthocyanins in berry skin. Silva et al (2020) noticed an increment in anthocyanin recorded from the application of Chitosan Nano-particles.…”