Comparative investigations of human and rat dermatoglyphics: palmar, plantar and digital pads and flexion creases

Kimura, Sumiko; Schaumann, Blanka A.; Shiota, Kohei

doi:10.1046/j.0022-7722.2002.00002.x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite a general resemblance of the rat forepaw to the human hand (Kimura et al 2002), the absence of a functional thumb, the presence of sharply pointed pyramidallike pads on the palm and the absent fingerprints on the digit extremities constitute some significant differences (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Macroscopic Description Of the Forepaw Glabrous Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile sensitivity in the rat: a correlation between receptor structure and function

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single cutaneous fibers were recorded in the median nerve of the deeply anesthetized rat and the receptor morphology in the forelimb glabrous skin was analyzed to establish a probable correlation between receptor anatomy and physiology. Receptor complexes in the glabrous skin of the rat forelimb were stained immunologically with antibodies NF-200 and PGP-9.5, confirming the presence of Meissner corpuscles and Merkel complexes within the dermal papilla similar to other mammals including primates. Both the Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell complexes were sparse and located in the pyramidal-shaped palmer pads and the apex of the digit extremities. They were almost totally absent elsewhere in the glabrous skin. No Ruffini receptors or Pacinian corpuscles were found in our samples. A total of 92 cutaneous fibers were retained long enough for analysis. Thirty-five (38%) were characterized as rapidly adapting fibers (RA) and 57 (62%) were slowly adapting afferents (SA). Despite the very limited number of receptors at the tip of the digit, RA receptors outnumbered SA fibers 3.2/1.0. In contrast, SA fibers on the thenar pad outnumbered RA receptors by a ratio of 3–1. Despite the very limited number of low threshold mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin of the rat forelimb, the prevalence of SA afferents in the palm and more frequent occurrence of RA afferents in the digit extremity suggest differences in functionality both for locomotion and object manipulation.

show abstract

Section: Macroscopic Description Of the Forepaw Glabrous Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile sensitivity in the rat: a correlation between receptor structure and function

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Homologization of pads is complicated by the fact that their configuration differs from that of the studied mammalian species. The research describing the development of plantar and palmar pads has been carried out mainly in rats and humans (Kimura et al 1994(Kimura et al , 2002. Without developmental data, it is not possible to distinguish with certainty some of the components of pads formed by the thenar and hypothenar from those formed by the interdigital pads (Kimura et al 1994).…”

Section: External Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological peculiarities in the integument of enigmatic anomalurid gliders (Anomaluridae, Rodentia)

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scaly‐tailed squirrels, the most poorly known group of gliding mammals, hold the record for variety of remarkable integument peculiarities. One of the most striking of these features is the scales on the tail, which apparently allow them to reduce energy costs when positioning themselves on a tree trunk. No less interesting is a peculiar spur that supports the flying membrane: the unciform element (‘spur’). Despite the peculiarity of such elements, their nature has not yet been studied. Using anatomical, histological methods and scanning electron microscopy we studied the structure of the skin and its derivatives in five of the six species from both genera of extant gliding scaly‐tailed squirrels (Anomaluridae, Rodentia): Idiurus macrotis, Idiurus zenkeri, Anomalurus beecrofti, Anomalurus pusillus and Anomalurus derbianus. In addition to the common mammalian skin structures, such as hair, vibrissae, sebaceous glands, meibomian glands of eyelids and eccrine sweat glands of the palmar and plantar pads, these animals have unique species‐specific skin derivatives (the tail scaly organ and its specific glands, vibrissae of the withers, patagium and its hair brush) that play a significant role in their adaptation to gliding and to their environment in general. The structure of the elbow spur is also described and hypotheses on its evolutionary origin from the tendon of the triceps muscle are presented.

show abstract

“…Palm pads can be flat or bulging, depending on the substrate relief habitual to an animal. Formation of creases may be considered a subsequent, more advanced stage of the evolution of prehension, which is indirectly suggested by their late embryonic development relative to the pads (Swindler et al, 1968;Bali, 1994;Kimura et al, 2002). As the pads precede the creases both in evolution and in embryogenesis, topography of the former may be reasonably regarded as the basis for topography of the latter (Popich and Smith, 1970;Jeanty et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that human fetuses begin spontaneous hand movements no earlier than the 12th week of gestation (Humphrey, 1964). Hence, the primary flexion creases are acquired not as a consequence of the flexion movements of the palm but are preformed relative to their function (Wurth, 1937;Kimura et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palmar flexion creases and finger linkage groups in New World monkeys — functional and evolutionary palmistry

Novikova¹,

Kuznetsov²

2017

BioComm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manipulatory abilities and activities of primate hands are crucially important for humanity's understanding of our own species, and they have been very well studied in diverse aspects. However, there remains a surprising ignorance as to the variety of flexion creases on primate palms and their functional and evolutionary significance. Here we present the first extensive attempt to fill this gap. Major attention is paid to New World monkeys known for the diversity of their grasping adaptations, which exceeds that of prosimians, Old World monkeys and apes together. The presented analysis is based on the assumption that the palmar flexion creases border groups of fingers which are used togetherwhich we suggest naming "finger linkage groups". We show that this assumption is in agreement with what is known about hand usage in locomotion and manipulation by different primates. Here we show that the Life Line bordering the thumb is present in all primates manifesting the basic ability of thumb opposition, which can be enhanced (like in humans or capuchins) or reduced (like in marmosets or spider monkeys). Longitudinal creases (Fate Line) seem to have appeared early in evolution, as they are present in lemurs, marmosets, and some Old World monkeys; typically, two longitudinal creases are present (humans show one as a variation). The longitudinal creases were replaced in simian evolution by transversal ones, of which the most common is the Simian Line bordering fingers II-V and facilitating a power grip by these four fingers against the palm. This four-finger crease is the only type of transversal creases known in Old World monkeys and apes (the last have two such creases). In marmosets the transversal crease borders all five fingers, while in schizodactylous New World Monkeys it borders only the three last fingers. Apart from them, such a three-finger crease, known as the Heart Line, is found in humans only. However, its origin is different. In human evolution, it was most likely produced by a breakage of the ancestral Simian Line into two, the second half being represented by the unique human Head Line. This breakage dislinked the index finger from the power grip, allowing for pointing gestures and individual usage of this finger.

show abstract

Comparative investigations of human and rat dermatoglyphics: palmar, plantar and digital pads and flexion creases

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Tactile sensitivity in the rat: a correlation between receptor structure and function

Tactile sensitivity in the rat: a correlation between receptor structure and function

Morphological peculiarities in the integument of enigmatic anomalurid gliders (Anomaluridae, Rodentia)

Palmar flexion creases and finger linkage groups in New World monkeys — functional and evolutionary palmistry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About