Comparative leaf and stem anatomy in selected species of Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) representative of all major lineages

Tripp, Erin A.; Fekadu, Mekbib

doi:10.1007/s12225-014-9543-8

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Indeed, the salt glands of various families tend to greatly resemble the structure of secretory glands of related plants that lack salt glands. For example, both Acanthus and Avicennia have a short stalk composed of 1–2 cells bearing a globular head consisting of secretory cells (Shimony et al, 1973), while similar short stalked gland functions are ubiquitous in Acanthaceae (Immelman, 1990; Tripp and Fekadu, 2014; Bhogaonkar and Lande, 2015). The Acanthaceae (Lamiales) salt glands also bear a strong resemblance to the glandular trichomes that secrete essential oils in the closely related Lamiaceae.…”

Section: Salt Glands Have Evolved Independently Many Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.

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Section: Salt Glands Have Evolved Independently Many Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Dassanayake

Larkin

2017

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…For the stem, the stem outline, the cortical layers in the outer and inner cortex, the presence of cystoliths and their distribution in the stem, the shape of pith cells and the intervention of sclereids (stone cells), types of sclereids, cystoliths, raphides, presence and absence of trichomes, etc., proved to be diagnostic of the species studied. Metcalfe and Chalk (1950), Inamdar et al (1990), Kuo-Huang and Yen (1996), Patil and Patil (2011), Tripp and Fekadu (2014), Fernandes (2019) all reported the presence of acicular fibres, raphides and cystoliths, and enumerated their distribution within the regions of the stem and stated that these features were typical for Acanthaceae. The Strobilanthes species studied here showed presence of sclereids in the pith cells of the stem, except for S. ciliata which had brachysclereids, reported here for the first time.…”

Section: Stem Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical characterization of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) species from the northern Western Ghats of India and its implication for identification at vegetative state

Fernandes

Krishnan

2019

Nordic Journal of Botany

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A comprehensive study of stem, leaf and petiole anatomy of 10 species of Strobilanthes from northern Western Ghats of India was carried out to identify characteristics which would enable species identification when flowering material is unavailable. In Strobilanthes, some species bloom annually, others are plietesials, i.e. they grow without blooming for several years and then produce huge quantities of flowers, release seeds and die. Therefore, alternative methods, such as anatomical characters, are essential to distinguish Strobilanthes species in their vegetative stage. We collected ten species of Strobilanthes for anatomical characterization. Under the bright‐field microscope, stem cross‐sections of different species were found to be undulate, quadrangular, quadrangular‐winged or terete. Study of the stem revealed a distinct outer and inner cortex, the distribution of cystoliths (CaCO3 crystals), raphides (CaC2H2O5 crystals) and sclereids which varied from species to species. Study of leaf anatomy showed structural variation and vascular bundle shapes that differed between the species. Leaf epidermal characters under light and scanning electron microscopy exhibited variation in characters such as stomatal index, stomatal length and width, stomatal type and presence of glandular and non‐glandular trichomes. The petiole anatomy was species‐specific, especially with respect to vascular bundle structure and the distribution of structures such as sclereids, cystoliths, sphaeraphides and tannin cells varied. Hence, unique anatomical features of the stem, leaf and petiole could be used as taxonomic characters to identify Strobilanthes species in a vegetative state.

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“…In Barleria , the cystoliths are always double and lie in two adjacent cells. These structures are scattered over the leaf lamina and often lie parallel on the midrib [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Several species of Barleria are known for their medicinal or ornamental values [ 37 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Barleria (Acanthaceae)

Gangaram

Naidoo

Dewir

et al. 2021

Plants

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Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections. Evidence derived from several studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiamoebic, antihelminthic, antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties and toxicity of extracts, in addition inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, of the plant and seed extracts of species belonging to Barleria. Studies have reported that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, quinones, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, the immunostimulant protein “Sankaranin”, and antibiotics isolated from Barleria species are resposnsible for the above biological activities. Traditionally, the genus Barleria has significant medicinal potential; however, there is a scarcity of information on various species that are yet to be evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive report on existing literature, concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Barleria.

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Comparative leaf and stem anatomy in selected species of Ruellieae (Acanthaceae) representative of all major lineages

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands

Anatomical characterization of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) species from the northern Western Ghats of India and its implication for identification at vegetative state

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Barleria (Acanthaceae)

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