Comparative Life History Characteristics of Hatchery and Wild Steelhead Trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) of Summer and Winter Races in the Kalama River, Washington

Leider, Steven A.; Chilcote, Mark W.; Loch, John J.

doi:10.1139/f86-173

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, the occurrence of nonKalama origin hatchery summer-run steelhead strays observed at KFH would approximate 16% in a typical return year, assuming an average age composition in the run. Leider et al (1986) found average age composition of Kalama River hatchery summer-run from 1976 to 1983 was 4%, 79%, and 15% for ages 1.1,1.2, and 1.3, respectively. The percentages of non-Kalama origin fish estimated for hatchery summer-run steelhead in 1978 and 1979 may be inaccurate if differential rates existed between steelhead of different saltwater age classes.…”

Section: Kalama Rivermentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Long-term studies of Kalama River steelhead populations were initiated by the Washington Department of Wildlife (WDW) in the mid-1970's. The primary purpose of these studies was to examine life history differences and genetic interactions between summer-run and winter-run fish of hatchery (artificially produced) and wild (naturally produced) origin (Leider et al 1984, 1986, Chilcote et al 1986). This work required continuous sampling of adult steelhead at the Kalama Falls Salmon Hatchery (KFH) trap, 17 km upstream from the mouth of the Kalama River (Fig.…”

Section: Kalama Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods for this study were described by Chilcote et al (1986). Briefly, the first locus of G3PDH (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Enzyme Commission #l. 1.1.8) was chosen for genetic marking due primarily to the rarity of its variant allele (A') in wild Kalama River steelhead.…”

Section: Kalama Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Leider

1989

Environ Biol Fish

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Section: Kalama Rivermentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Kalama Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Leider

1989

Environ Biol Fish

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“…Numerous investigators have compared the behavior of hatchery and wild origin salmonids (Barns 1967;Chilcote et al 1986;Dickson and MacCrimmon 1982;Johnsson and Abrahams 1991;Lachance and Magnan 1990;Reisenbichler and McIntyre 1977). They concluded that the behavior of hatchery origin fish differs from wild origin fish and in many cases the behavior of hatchery-wild hybrids were intermediate between the hatchery and wild fish's behavior.…”

Section: (Esa) the Washington Department Of Wildlife (Wdw) And The Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Bull Trout (Salvelinus Confluentus), Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), and Spring Chinook Salmon (O. Tshawytscha) Interactions in Southeast Washington Streams. Final Report 1992.

Underwood¹

1995

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The goal of this two year study was to determine if supplementation with hatchery reared steelhead trout (Uncorhynchus mykiss) and spring chinook salmon (0. &zwytscha) negatively impacted wild native bull trout (Su2velinu.s confluentus) through competitive interactions. Four streams with varying levels of supplementation activity were sampled in Southeast Washington: Mill Creek, Tucannon River, Wolf Fork and Asotin Creek. Mill Creek was not supplemented with hatchery reared fish. The Tucannon River was intensely supplemented with hatchery reared steelhead smolts, rainbow trout and spring chinook salmon smolts. Wolf Fork was indirectly supplemented with hatchery reared steelhead smolts by releasing smolts at the mouth of the stream. Asotin Creek was supplemented for three years in the mid-1980's with hatchery reared steelhead smolts. Sampling in Asotin Creek was discontinued after the first year of study because too few bull trout were collected for analysis (n = 1). Tasks performed during this study were population density, relative abundance, microhabitat utilization, habitat availability, diet analysis, bull trout spawning ground surveys, radio telemetry of adult bull trout, and growth analysis. The data were used to identify the extent of geographic overlap among species and resources utilized by each species. This information was compared among stream populations and among species within a stream to identify changes in behavior that resulted from supplementation activities. We found that bull trout overlapped geographically with the supplemented species in each of the study streams suggesting competition among species was possible. Within a stream, bull trout and the supplemented species utilized dissimilar microhabitats and microhabitat utilization by each species was the same among streams suggesting that there was no shifts in microhabitat utilization among streams. The diet of bull trout and 0. mykiss significantly overlapped in each of the study streams, however, food was abundant and did not appear to be a limited resource. Age at length and backcalculated lengths identified differences in growth among bull trout and steelhead populations. The stream most intensely supplemented contained bull trout with the slowest growth and the non-supplemented stream contained bull trout with the fastest growth. Conversely, the stream most intensely supplemented contain steelhead with the fastest growth and the non-supplemented stream contained steelhead with the slowest growth. Growth indicated that bull trout may have been negatively impacted from supplementation, although, other factors such as stream temperature may have contributed to the difference in growth. Condition factor among stream populations did not differ suggesting that the ability of each fish species to add weight as length increased was the same among stream populations. At current population levels, and current habitat quantity and quality, we detected no impacts to bull trout as a result of supplementation with hatchery reared steelhead...

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“…Repeat spawning rates as high as 17% have been observed in the Kalama River located below Bonneville Dam (Leider et al 1986). The Yakima Tribe has conducted research to identify options for kelt reconditioning in the Yakima River.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steelhead Kelt Reconditioning and Reproductive Success, 2008 Annul Report.

Hatch¹

2009

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Iteroparity, the ability to repeat spawn, is a natural life history strategy that is expressed by some species from the family Salmonidae. Current rates of observed steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss iteroparity rates in the Columbia River Basin are severely depressed due to anthropogenic development which includes operation of the hydropower system and other habitat degradations. Artificial reconditioning, which is the process of culturing post-spawned fish (kelts) in a captive environment until they are able to reinitiate feeding, growth, and redevelop mature gonads, is evaluated in this study as method to restore depressed steelhead populations. To test the efficacy of steelhead kelt reconditioning as a management and recovery tool different scenarios were investigated ranging from very low intensity (collect and transport fish) to high intensity (collect and feed fish in captivity until rematuration). Examinations of gamete and progeny viability were performed for first-time spawners and reconditioned kelt steelhead. We have continued to examine reproductive success of reconditioned kelt steelhead in Omak Creek using microsatellite loci to perform parentage analysis on juvenile O. mykiss . The groundwork has also begun on developing a genetic analysis of the Yakima subbasin in order to determine steelhead kelt contribution by utilizing parentage analysis on a larger scale. A research and study plan has been developed cooperatively with the University of Idaho to determine the feasibility of steelhead kelt reconditioning program in the Snake River Basin. Analysis of management scenarios indicated that while no-term and short-term reconditioned kelts continue to perform well outmigrating to the ocean but returns from these groups have been low ranging from 0-12% during [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006][2007][2008]. Survival (56%) of fish in the long-term treatment in 2008 was the highest we have observed in this project. Analyzing the three different management scenarios within the Yakima River subbasin we determined that long-term reconditioning contributed the highest numbers of fish to the spawning run, and short-term reconditioning overall was the best of the transport releases to the ocean. However contributions to the spawning run by no-term or short-term groups was low in all years. This is the second successful year of kelt gamete and progeny analysis. Initial limited results suggest that reconditioned kelts may have shown limited improvement in both egg quantity and/or quality. There is further evidence to support the successful spawning of steelhead kelts in the wild at Omak Creek. Yakima kelts have been successfully identified to stream origin using genotypes. Annual Report

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Comparative Life History Characteristics of Hatchery and Wild Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) of Summer and Winter Races in the Kalama River, Washington

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Increased straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Increased straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens

Investigations of Bull Trout (Salvelinus Confluentus), Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), and Spring Chinook Salmon (O. Tshawytscha) Interactions in Southeast Washington Streams. Final Report 1992.

Steelhead Kelt Reconditioning and Reproductive Success, 2008 Annul Report.

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