“…There are several concepts of comparative literature, but this study uses Remak's concept. According to Remak (as cited in Stallknecht & Frenz, 1961), there are three concepts of comparative literature: namely (1) comparative studies of literary works with other literary works outside the borders of one country, (2) comparative studies of literary works with other arts, such as painting, sculpture, architecture, and music, and (3) comparative studies of literary works with fields of science, such as philosophy, history, politics, economics, anthropology, and sociology. The French school follows the first concept of comparative literature, while the second and third concepts belong to the American school.…”