Comparative Mapping of the <i>Brassica S</i> Locus Region and Its Homeolog in Arabidopsis: Implications for the Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae

Conner, Joann A.; Conner, Patrick J.; Nasrallah, Mikhail E.; Nasrallah, June B.

doi:10.1105/tpc.10.5.801

Cited by 90 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In a previous comparative mapping study of the S locus region of Brassica and its homeolog in A. thaliana , we found that the two regions, although largely colinear, differ by the absence of the SI specificity genes in A. thaliana (Conner et al, 1998). This result suggested two possibilities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In Brassica, the S locus is located in a region that is syntenous with an ETR1-linked chromosomal segment of A. thaliana chromosome I (Conner et al, 1998), whereas in A. lyrata, the S locus maps to a region that corresponds to contig fragments 54 to 55 of A. thaliana chromosome IV. In both locations, the S locus is recognizable not only by the presence of its polymorphic SI specificity genes but also as an island exhibiting rearranged gene order and variable physical size that lies in the midst of an otherwise highly syntenous chromosomal region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously had mapped the Brassica S locus to an ETR1-linked position and performed a comparative analysis of the Brassica S locus region and its ETR1-linked homeolog in A. thaliana (Conner et al, 1998). This analysis had identified several molecular markers that flank the SI specificity genes in Brassica and are conserved in the homeologous region of the A. thaliana genome (Conner et al, 1998). From these markers, we selected markers that were single copy in Brassica and A. thaliana and that were located on either side of the Brassica SRK-SCR-SLG complex (see Methods).…”

Section: Chromosomal Location Of the S Locus In Arabidopsis Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

Kusaba¹,

Dwyer²,

Hendershot³

et al. 2001

The Plant Cell

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As a starting point for a phylogenetic study of self-incompatibility (SI) in crucifers and to elucidate the genetic basis of transitions between outcrossing and self-fertilizing mating systems in this family, we investigated the SI system of Arabidopsis lyrata . A. lyrata is an outcrossing close relative of the self-fertile A. thaliana and is thought to have diverged from A. thaliana ‫ف‬ 5 million years ago and from Brassica spp 15 to 20 million years ago. Analysis of two S (sterility) locus haplotypes demonstrates that the A. lyrata S locus contains tightly linked orthologs of the S locus receptor kinase ( SRK ) gene and the S locus cysteine-rich protein ( SCR ) gene, which are the determinants of SI specificity in stigma and pollen, respectively, but lacks an S locus glycoprotein gene. As described previously in Brassica , the S haplotypes of A. lyrata differ by the rearranged order of their genes and by their variable physical sizes. Comparative mapping of the A. lyrata and Brassica S loci indicates that the S locus of crucifers is a dynamic locus that has undergone several duplication events since the Arabidopsis-Brassica split and was translocated as a unit between two distant chromosomal locations during diversification of the two taxa. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the S locus region of A. lyrata and its homeolog in self-fertile A. thaliana identified orthologs of the SRK and SCR genes and demonstrated that self-compatibility in this species is associated with inactivation of SI specificity genes. INTRODUCTIONSelf-incompatibility (SI) is the major outcrossing mechanism in the family Brassicaceae (de Nettancourt, 1977). Species in this family have been grouped into 19 tribes on the basis of morphological criteria (Schultz, 1936), and SI has been described in all tribes analyzed to date. When Bateman (1955) surveyed 182 species distributed in 11 tribes, he found that approximately half of these species included selfincompatible accessions. In a survey of 59 taxa in the subtribe Brassicineae of the tribe Brassiceae (which includes Brassica and Raphanus ), 50 taxa were self-incompatible (Takahata and Hinata, 1980). In all cases analyzed, SI has been shown to be controlled sporophytically by a single S (sterility) locus, with multiple alleles or variants and complex dominance relationships between alleles (Bateman, 1954(Bateman, , 1955Thompson and Taylor, 1966): in self-incompatible plants, pollen will not develop on a stigma that expresses the same S alleles as the pollen parent.Molecular analysis of the Brassica S locus region has shown that this mendelian locus is a gene complex consisting of distinct stigma-expressed and anther-expressed genes that determine SI specificity in stigma and pollen, respectively (reviewed in Nasrallah, 2000). The SRK (for S locus receptor kinase) gene (Stein et al., 1991) encodes a plasma membrane-spanning receptor serine/threonine kinase specific to the stigma epidermis (Stein et al., 1996) and is the determinant of SI specificity in the stigma (Takasaki et al., 2000). ...

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mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chromosomal Location Of the S Locus In Arabidopsis Sppmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

Kusaba¹,

Dwyer²,

Hendershot³

et al. 2001

The Plant Cell

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131

282

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“…Comparative genomics elucidates not only the chromosomal organization within and between species, but also the evolutional processes of genomes. Several reports have described the conservation and colinearity of small chromosomal segments between various Cruciferous species, such as B. napus and A. thaliana, and have predicted extensive rearrangements of chromosomal segments before/after the differentiation of these species (Conner et al 1998;Sadowski and Quiros 1998;Quiros et al 2001; Babula et al 2003;Lukens et al 2003). In Brassica, linkage maps have been constructed by RFLP, RAPD, and AFLP markers and contributed to various genetic analyses, although to date alignment of the different maps has been conducted exclusively on the basis of RFLPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Comparative Genomics Between Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana: The Genetic Origin of Clubroot Resistance

et al. 2006

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An SSR-based linkage map was constructed in Brassica rapa. It includes 113 SSR, 87 RFLP, and 62 RAPD markers. It consists of 10 linkage groups with a total distance of 1005.5 cM and an average distance of 3.7 cM. SSRs are distributed throughout the linkage groups at an average of 8.7 cM. Synteny between B. rapa and a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, was analyzed. A number of small genomic segments of A. thaliana were scattered throughout an entire B. rapa linkage map. This points out the complex genomic rearrangements during the course of evolution in Cruciferae. A 282.5-cM region in the B. rapa map was in synteny with A. thaliana. Of the three QTL (Crr1, Crr2, and Crr4) for clubroot resistance identified, synteny analysis revealed that two major QTL regions, Crr1 and Crr2, overlapped in a small region of Arabidopsis chromosome 4. This region belongs to one of the disease-resistance gene clusters (MRCs) in the A. thaliana genome. These results suggest that the resistance genes for clubroot originated from a member of the MRCs in a common ancestral genome and subsequently were distributed to the different regions they now inhabit in the process of evolution.

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“…In an S8 haplotype of B. campestris, two nonpolymorphic and vegetatively expressed sequences, 298 and 299, were located in the 3'-flanking region of the SLG8. It was found that sequence 299 encoded the SLL2 gene and the 298 encoded ClpP (Cip protease) homologue (Boyes et al,1997;Conner et al,1998;Letham and Nasrallah, 1998). Recently, the MluI genomic fragment (SLG/SRK region) of the S9 homozygote of B. campestris was screened for expressed sequences (Watanabe et al, 1999;Suzuki et al, 1999).…”

Section: Genomic Structure Of S Locusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology of Self-incompatibility in Brassica Species.

Watanabe

Suzuki

Hatakeyama

et al. 1999

Plant Biotechnology

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Many angiosperm plants express self-incompatibility (SI), through which they can recognize selfpollen and restrict fertilization to non-self-pollen. In species of Brassica, SI is sporophytically expressed, regulated by a single locus, S, with multiple alleles. Two stigma-specific genes, SLG and SRK, both of which locate at the S locus, are believed to play a role in the recognition reaction on the stigma side. Reviewed here are findings about SLG and SRK genes, the molecular characterization of Smultigene family, the genomic structure of S locus, and some aspects on signal transfer by the proteins encoded by these genes.

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Comparative Mapping of the Brassica S Locus Region and Its Homeolog in Arabidopsis: Implications for the Evolution of Mating Systems in the Brassicaceae

Cited by 90 publications

References 63 publications

Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

Self-Incompatibility in the Genus Arabidopsis: Characterization of the S Locus in the Outcrossing A. lyrata and Its Autogamous Relative A. thaliana

Simple Sequence Repeat-Based Comparative Genomics Between Brassica rapa and Arabidopsis thaliana: The Genetic Origin of Clubroot Resistance

Molecular Biology of Self-incompatibility in Brassica Species.

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