Comparative mapping of ZFY in the hominoid apes

Müller, Gaby; Schempp, Werner

doi:10.1007/bf00204930

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Although the mammalian X and Y chromosomes are quite heteromorphic, they are thought to have evolved from a homologous chromosome pair [Müller & Schempp, 1991]. Thus, it is not surprising that many of the sequences are similar in both chromosomes as a relic of the ancestral pair, which increases the difficulty of selecting specific loci for molecular sex identification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal or fetal origin of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) amniotic fluid leukocytes can be identified by polymerase chain reaction using the zinc finger Y gene

Macías

Wong

Sadowsky

et al. 2001

American J Primatol

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Leukocytes can be found in substantial numbers within the intrauterine tissues and amniotic fluid of women, and play a central role in the pathophysiology of infection-related preterm labor by their production of proinflammatory mediators. It remains unclear whether these leukocytes represent a fetal immune response, a maternal response, or a combination of the two. The objective of this study was to develop a test in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) suitable for determining the percentage of male fetal cells present in a population of leukocytes recovered from blood or amniotic fluid. We found inadequate specificity for rhesus monkey cells using commercial human Y-chromosome paint kits (fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)). Human-specific primers for the repetitive Y chromosome DYZ-1 locus employed in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produced an unacceptable percentage of false positives. However, we successfully developed a PCR-based test using rhesus-specific primers for the zinc finger Y (ZFY) locus. Densitometry of PCR products from known ratios of male and female adult peripheral leukocytes generated a linear standard curve which provided quantitative results and required only 400 cells per sample. The rhesus beta globin (RBG) gene served as an internal control. The PCR test correctly discriminated the sex of peripheral leukocytes in 20 adult males, 20 adult females, two male fetuses, and one female fetus. Serial samples of amniotic fluid from four chronically catheterized rhesus monkeys bearing male fetuses were used to confirm the utility of this assay for quantifying fetal cells in amniotic fluid. In conclusion, we have developed a PCR test which is suitable for distinguishing male from female cells in adult and fetal blood and in amniotic fluid, which lends itself to a variety of diagnostic and biologic applications in the rhesus monkey and potentially in other nonhuman primates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal or fetal origin of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) amniotic fluid leukocytes can be identified by polymerase chain reaction using the zinc finger Y gene

Macías

Wong

Sadowsky

et al. 2001

American J Primatol

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“…Therefore, in contrast to the X-chromosome, the Y-chromosome has apparently undergone a very rapid evolution within higher primates (Weber et al, 1986). Nevertheless, the Y-specific loci of SRY and ZFY map closely to the early replicating pseudoautosomal segment in the telomeric or subtelomeric position of the Y-chromosome of the great apes, as found in the human (Miiller and Schempp, 1991 ;Toder et al, 1993). A probe from a conserved motif of the SRY gene, a prime candidate for the human testisdeterminant, was hybridized to DNA from 23 species representing 5 vertebrate classes (Tiersch et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Evolution of DNA on Y-chromosome in hominoid primates as examined by PCR

Kim

Takenaka

1997

Hum. Evol.

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Every species of non-human primates, especially those of hominoids, has a variety of reproductive structures and accompanying male traits, such as sexual dimorphism and relative size of testis to body weight, which may be at least partly triggered by DNA on the Y-chromosome. Recently, a panel of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer sets were designed to amplify various DNA segments spread over the human Y-chromosome. We applied these primer sets for amplification of DNA segments on the Y-chromosome of hominoid species : chimpanzee, bonoho (Pygmy chimpanzee), gorilla, orangutan, whitehanded gibbon, agile gibbon, and Japanese monkey as an out group. The DNA segments including SRY, testis determining factor, and ZFX/ZFY could be amplified clearly in males of all species examined. These highly conserved genes may serve important biological functions. However, as the phylogenic distance from humans increased, some of the DNA segments could not be amplified. For example, DYZ1 (SY160) could be amplified only using human DNA as a template, and DYF60S1 (SY61), DYZ217 (SY126) and DYS233 (SY148) could be amplified only using human and African great ape DNA. It is interesting to note that locus DYS250 (SY17) could not be amplified in chimpanzee and bonobo but amplified in gorilla and orangutan. Locus DYS251 (SY18) was amplified in all species except the white-handed gibbon. These results indicate that a variety of evolutionary events including mutation, deletion, insertion, and rearrangement occurred in Y-chromosome DNA during primate evolution.

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“…The ZFY gene is in close proximity to the SDR on the human Y; assuming that it can thus serve as a marker for this region, MUller and Schempp (1991) have shown that, as in the human being, the ZFY gene maps close to the early-replicating pseudoautosomal segment in telomeric position of the Y chromosomes of the great apes. Thus, despite cytogenetically visible structural alterations within the euchromatic parts of the Y chromosomes of man and the great apes (Weber et al , 1987, the close proximity of the PAR and, by inference, of the SDR is conserved throughout the human and great-ape lineages.…”

Section: Rearrangements In Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%