Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals

Million, Matthieu; Angelakis, Emmanouil; Paul, Mical; Armougom, Fabrice; Leibovici, Leonard; Raoult, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2012.05.007

Cited by 370 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with prior observations that rodents fed VSL#3 (12) and other single strain probiotic supplements (24)(25)(26)(27) gained less body mass and fat mass during high-fat feeding compared to controls (12). Our findings are also consistent with recent observations (9) that young, healthy subjects consuming a single probiotic strain (Lactobacillis casei Shirota) gained less body and fat mass during a high-fat diet compared with placebo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Osterberg

Boutagy

McMillan

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of the probiotic, VSL#3, on body and fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle substrate oxidation following 4 weeks of a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty non-obese males (18-30 years) participated in the study. Following a 2-week eucaloric control diet, participants underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition, an intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine insulin sensitivity, and a skeletal muscle biopsy for measurement of in vitro substrate oxidation. Subsequently, participants were randomized to receive either VSL#3 or placebo daily during 4 weeks of consuming a high-fat (55% fat), hypercaloric diet (11,000 kcal day 21). Participants repeated all measurements following the intervention. Results: Body mass (1.42 6 0.42 kg vs. 2.30 6 0.28 kg) and fat mass (0.63 6 0.09 kg vs. 1.29 6 0.27 kg) increased less following the high-fat diet in the VSL#3 group compared with placebo. However, there were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or in vitro skeletal muscle pyruvate and fat oxidation with the high-fat diet or VSL#3. Conclusions: VSL#3 supplementation appears to have provided some protection from body mass gain and fat accumulation in healthy young men consuming a high-fat and high-energy diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Osterberg

Boutagy

McMillan

et al. 2015

Obesity

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“…Previous studies suggested that some species of Lactobacillus are associated with weight gain in human and animal infants [37][38][39] . Nevertheless, the body weight of the BFE group was not significantly higher than that of the PFE group, which was not consistent with the statement by Million 40 that Lactobacillus would lead to obesity or weight gain. The results we obtained were in agreement with Lahtinen 41 , who suggested that some species of Lactobacillus would be associated with weight gain in infancy but not in human and animal adults.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Gut metagenomic analysis reveals prominent roles of Lactobacillus and cecal microbiota in chicken feed efficiency

Yan

Sun

Yuan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

212

195

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Interactions between the host and gut microbiota can affect gut metabolism. In this study, the individual performances of 252 hens were recorded to evaluate feed efficiency. Hens with contrasting feed efficiencies (14 birds per group) were selected to investigate their duodenal, cecal and fecal microbial composition by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The results showed that the microbial community in the cecum was quite different from those in the duodenum and feces. The highest biodiversity and all differentially abundant taxa between the different efficiency groups were observed in the cecal microbial community with false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. Of these differentially abundant cecal microbes, Lactobacillus accounted for a greater proportion than the others. The abundances of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were significantly higher while that of Faecalibacterium was lower (FDR < 0.05) in the better feed efficiency (BFE) group. Phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) analysis revealed that the functions relating to glycometabolism and amino acid metabolism were enriched in the cecal microbiota of the BFE group. These results indicated the prominent role of cecal microbiota in the feed efficiency of chickens and suggested plausible uses of Lactobacillus to improve the feed efficiency of host.The gastrointestinal tract is the major site of food digestion and nutrient absorption. Cecum is the chief functional section in the distal intestine, and its importance in birds' metabolism has received increasing attention 1,2 . The cecum, which is full of microbial fermentations, plays important roles in preventing pathogen colonization, detoxifying harmful substances, recycling nitrogen and absorbing additional nutrients 3 . The digestibility and the ability to metabolize crude fiber or other nutrients are lower in birds with a cecectomy than in normal birds 4 . In addition, significant absorption of glucose was observed in the cecum 5 , and a higher ability to actively absorb sugars at low concentrations was found in the cecum compared with the jejunum 6 . Located at the beginning of the intestine, the duodenum is crucial for feed digestion and absorption; it has a lower pH than the hindgut and is the region that absorbs most glucose 7 and other nutrients within the small intestine 8,9 . Although the cecum and the duodenum themselves are important, interactions between the gut and commensal microbes may exert a significant influence on the function of the intestine. Previous studies showed that the digestion of uric acid, cellulose, starch and other resistant carbohydrates in the cecum was associated with the cecal microbial members 3,10,11 . In a recent study, numerous oligosaccharide-and polysaccharide-degrading enzyme-encoding genes and several pathways involved in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were observed in the cecal metagenome of the chicken 12 . The SCFAs were produced mainly by microbial fermentation in the hindgut and could be a...

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“…Previous studies in humans and animals reported conflicting results on the effects of different Lactobacillus strains on body weight (9). In humans, ingestion of prebiotics has been shown to influence gut microbiota composition (10), perhaps alter intestinal permeability, and increase plasma GLP-1 concentrations and decrease postprandial glucose concentrations (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of Lactobacillus reuteri Improves Incretin and Insulin Secretion in Glucose-Tolerant Humans: A Proof of Concept

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVEIngestion of probiotics can modify gut microbiota and alter insulin resistance and diabetes development in rodents. We hypothesized that daily intake of Lactobacillus reuteri increases insulin sensitivity by changing cytokine release and insulin secretion via modulation of the release of glucagon-like peptides (GLP)-1 and -2. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA prospective, double-blind, randomized trial was performed in 21 glucose-tolerant humans (11 lean: age 49 6 7 years, BMI 23.6 6 1.7 kg/m 2 ; 10 obese: age 51 6 7 years, BMI 35.5 6 4.9 kg/m 2 ). Participants ingested 10 10 b.i.d. L. reuteri SD5865 or placebo over 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance and isoglycemic glucose infusion tests were used to assess incretin effect and GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion, and euglycemichyperinsulinemic clamps with [6, H 2 ]glucose were used to measure peripheral insulin sensitivity and endogenous glucose production. Muscle and hepatic lipid contents were assessed by 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and immune status, cytokines, and endotoxin were measured with specific assays. RESULTSIn glucose-tolerant volunteers, daily administration of L. reuteri SD5865 increased glucose-stimulated GLP-1 and GLP-2 release by 76% (P < 0.01) and 43% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with placebo, along with 49% higher insulin (P < 0.05) and 55% higher C-peptide secretion (P < 0.05). However, the intervention did not alter peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, body mass, ectopic fat content, or circulating cytokines. CONCLUSIONSEnrichment of gut microbiota with L. reuteri increases insulin secretion, possibly due to augmented incretin release, but does not directly affect insulin sensitivity or body fat distribution. This suggests that oral ingestion of one specific strain may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to improve glucose-dependent insulin release.Type 2 diabetes results from decreased insulin sensitivity and inadequate insulin secretion, which associate with diminished incretin response and subclinical chronic inflammation and subsequent impaired glucose tolerance (1-4). These pathogenic factors, frequently accompanied by hypercaloric high-fat low-fiber diets, may be associated with alterations in gut microbiota, which also occur in obesity (5) and type 2 diabetes (6).

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Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals

Cited by 370 publications

References 36 publications

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Gut metagenomic analysis reveals prominent roles of Lactobacillus and cecal microbiota in chicken feed efficiency

Intake of Lactobacillus reuteri Improves Incretin and Insulin Secretion in Glucose-Tolerant Humans: A Proof of Concept

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