Comparative modeling of Bronze Age land use in the Malatya Plain (Turkey)

Exploring the common ground of landscape ecology and landscape archaeology through a case study from eastern Anatolia, Turkey

“…To feed the climate module, we obtained average annual precipitation and temperature values for the Middle Holocene paleoclimate of the Malatya region from the Macrophysical Climate Model (MCM). The data suggest that the seasonality of precipitation changed from the end of the Late Chalcolithic period onwards from homogeneous rain events to sudden discharge events distributed over the year (Arıkan et al 2016), defining what we called wet climate conditions in our simulations. For the dry climate scenario, precipitation values were reduced by 10%.…”

δ13C values in archaeological 14C‐AMS dated charcoals: Assessing mid‐Holocene climate fluctuations and human response from a high‐resolution isotope record (Arslantepe, Turkey)

“…From left to right: Δ 13 C mean values with standard errors of deciduous oak and juniper charcoal remains from Arslantepe (vertical dotted lines represent mean isotope values of modern samples; data from this paper and Masi et al); AAP (Average Annual Precipitation) values from macrophysical model of the Malatya area; Δ 13 C mean values of barley and wheat grains from Arslantepe with thresholds for water availability (n.i. for not irrigated, i. for irrigated); % values of site distribution in the Malatya plain [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

“…The AAP (Average Annual Precipitation) macrophysical model for the Malatya plain, applied by Arıkan et al, displays no overall wetter conditions in the first half of EBA (Figure ).…”

“…Moreover, C and N stable isotope analyses have been applied on cereal grains assessing the irrigation footprint of crops from 4700 to 2000 bc . Physical models were also compared with charcoal isotope data, enhancing the palaeoclimate reconstruction for the study area …”