Comparative modeling of exposure to airborne nanoparticles released by consumer spray products

Abstract

Consumer exposure to sprays containing nano-objects is a continuing concern as a potential health hazard. One potential hazard has been formulated in the overload hypothesis. It describes a volume fraction of the macrophages that is occupied by deposited nanoparticles that leads to reduced macrophage mobility. Subsequent chronic inflammation may then lead to severe health consequences including cancer. To calculate lung deposition of spherical particles, the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model (ARA, Albuquerque, NM) provides different kinds of lung models and age settings. Using the MPPD v 2.11 software, we modeled several consumer-related exposure scenarios. Different body orientations and age groups were investigated. Moreover, a number of materials representing different densities were used, and the exposure calculated using MPPD is compared to the hazard derived from the overload hypothesis. Conditions leading to macrophage overload were found for exposures to high particle doses for prolonged times and repeated exposure. Such conditions are unlikely in the context of regular consumer exposure. The overload hypothesis assumes the particles to be inert and biopersistent, a condition that currently lacks a clear regulatory definition and is valid only for a few selected materials. Furthermore, because of material-specific effects and the possibility of surface adsorption of hazardous chemicals, nano-objects in propellant sprays remain of concern for consumer health.

Small Airway Susceptibility to Chemical and Particle Injury

“…Similar findings have been observed for other fine-sized particles including those from tobacco smoke [32, 33] and inorganic dusts such as silica and asbestos, where concomitant SA disease is also observed [34-40]. Due to airflow and structural differences within the respiratory tract, smaller ultrafine (<0.1 μm) and larger coarse (2.5–10 μm) particles preferentially deposit in nasal regions more than fine-sized particles [41, 42]. In general, while there is substantial deposition of all particles in the nasal region upon inhalation, within the lower respiratory tract (lung), the SA region is consistently the primary site for the largest fraction of deposited particles [42-44].…”

Toxicity and Gene Expression Profiling of Copper- and Titanium-Based Nanoparticles Using Air–Liquid Interface Exposure

“…For comparison, estimation for real-life exposures were performed using the MPPD software v3.04. The selected exposure scenario was previously published by Riebeling et al Briefly, this assessment uses default multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model parameters with exception of the respiratory rate, which was assumed to be 19 breaths/min representing light activity, the tidal volume, which was set to 1000 mL, and an oronasal-normal augmenter breathing, again representing light activity. Also, geometric standard deviation of the particles was set to 1.5, as suggested .…”

Cumulative lifetime maternal stress and epigenome-wide placental DNA methylation in the PRISM cohort

“…Environmental exposure to nanoparticles can occur through many sources such as consumer spray products and cosmetics. [68,69] Thus, one could hypothesize that maternal lifetime stress exposure could result in increased uptake of nanoparticles at the maternal-fetal interface due to altered expression of ANKFY1 and its subsequent increase in macropinocytosis. Together, these findings underscore the potential importance of TM6SF1 and ANKFY1 in fetal and infant development consequent to maternal stress exposure.…”