Comparative morphology of clasping structures in predator stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae): Insights into their function and evolution

Opening Pandora's box: molecular phylogeny of the stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) reveals great incongruences in the current classification

“…The likelihood analysis showed very little support; however, the Bayesian analysis showed high support values for this group to be monophyletic (PP = 0.93). Additionally, members of this tribe share with Carpocorini sensu stricto the processes of pygophore (Roell et al, 2020) (processus superior sensu Dupuis, 1959). It is also worth mentioning that many genera that were once placed in this tribe (e.g., Adria Stål, Aeliomorpha Stål, Bonacialus Distant, and Gulielmus Distant) were subsequently and tentatively transferred to the Carpocorini (Zaidi, 1996;Rider et al, 2018).…”

Genome‐wide molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments which reveal the evolutionary history and an intermediate stage of speciation of a giant water bug

“…While functions of the parameres are unknown, parameres are often used for clasping females’ copulatory organs during copulation. As such usage of the parameres has also been reported in other heteropteran insects (Roell et al, 2020), the parameres are considered to be important organ for copulation. Therefore, as a result of the evolution of hook type parameres in the Japanese populations, males have become unable to deliver their sperm into the spermatheca of Clade III continental females because of the incompatibility of their copulatory organs.…”

“…While functions of the parameres are unknown, parameres are often used for clasping females' copulatory organs during copulation. As such usage of the parameres has also been reported in other heteropteran insects(Roell et al, 2020), Uncorrected p-distance (%) for mtDNA COI + 16S rRNA sequences the parameres are considered to be important organ for copulation.…”

Revision of Acesines Stål and Dunnius Distant, resurrection of Mycterizon Breddin (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Pentatominae), and description of a new species from India

“…Terminology of general morphology follows Tsai et al (2011) and Salini and Kment (2021) , specialised terms follow the following papers: antennomeres ( Zrzavý 1990 ) and superior processes of dorsal rim ( Roell et al 2020 ). Terminology of male and female genitalia follows Tsai et al (2011) and those associated with the metathoracic scent glands follow Kment and Vilímová (2010) .…”