Comparative Morphology of the Leaf Epidermis in Four Species of Meliaceae L. Family

Abstract

Meliaceae is a family of woody species that are very useful for timber and ethnomedicine in Nigeria. However, there is scarce information on their taxonomic description, which is important in realizing their full potentials. Existing floristic studies on members of Meliaceae have revealed overlap in key morphological characters like number of lateral nerves, shape, size and number of leaflets. Aside the floral and fruit characters, the use of leaf epidermal characters has proven to be gene-dependent and as such provides stable and less expensive grouping compared to the molecular methods. This study investigated the leaf epidermal and petiole anatomical significance in four species of Melieceae; Azadiracta indica, Cederella odorata, Khaya sensegalensis and K. grandifoliola for taxa delimitation. The choice of leaf for this study is based on their regular availability unlike the flowers, which are seasonal. Plant materials of the species were collected from University of Ibadan, Forest Research Institute of Nigeria and National Center for Genetic Research and Biotechnology in south western Nigeria based on availability. Leaf samples were examined under the microscope for epidermal and petiole anatomical characteristics. Characters like epidermal cell shape, epidermal cell wall pattern, trichome type and stomata abundance were differentiated in the four species. Petiole anatomical characteristics for delimiting the taxa include cuticle thickness, presence or absence of crystal, crystal type and vascular bundles arrangement. The analyzed characters produced two major clusters-Cluster 1: Khaya senegalensis and Khaya grandifoliola; cluster 2: Azadiracta indica and Cederella odorata. Azadiracta indica and Cederella odorata are more closely related species than Khaya senegalensis and Khaya grandifoliola. The affinity of the studied characters is an evidence of their correlation and supports the relationship existing among the species. These characters support delimitation of the taxa even in fragment condition.

Leaf anatomical characters variation of Strobilanthes s.l. from Sumatra, Indonesia and its taxonomic implications

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to determine the relative contribution of each character to the total variation and to identify the most informative character to represent the existing variability using the corresponding factor loadings within the species (Arriel et al 2007;Akinyele et al 2020). PCA has also been used by various authors to evaluate the systematic importance of various attributes (Paul and Chowdhury 2021).…”

Lamiales epidermal dynamics: Unveiling antimicrobial resilience in a structural symphony

“…Polygonal epidermis cells were examined on both leaf sides of Plantago albicans , adaxial surface of Plantago weldenii , and on lower surface of Mentha longifolia . Hence, it was concluded that variances existed among the same species belonging to the same family members (Akinyele et al, 2020).…”