Comparative mutagenicity of halomethanes and halonitromethanes in Salmonella TA100: structure–activity analysis and mutation spectra

Effect of UV treatment on DBP formation

“…In semiquantitative terms, the HNMs are about an order of magnitude more toxic than the HAAs, controlling for differences in bromine substitution. This supports the comparative measures of bacterial cell mutagenicity (Ames test) that have shown the trihalonitromethanes to be more mutagenic and about 10 times more cytotoxic than the THMs (Kundu et al, 2004). These researchers also used fundamental energy calculations to show that the nitro group elevates the intrinsic reactivity of the halogenated methanes.…”

Disinfection byproducts in Canadian provinces: Associated cancer risks and medical expenses

“…Dibromonitromethane, a compound of halonitromethanes, was found to be at least an order of magnitude more genotoxic to mammalian cells than MX, and is more genotoxic than all of the regulated DBPs, except for MBAA. Halonitromethanes were reported to be at least 10 times more cytotoxic than the regulated THMs [62]. Iodo-THMs might be more toxic than brominated and chlorinated compounds [7,10].…”

Induction of bacterial antibiotic resistance by mutagenic halogenated nitrogenous disinfection byproducts

“…male SpragueeDawley rats (Ahmed et al, 1991) and male F344 rats (Lin et al, 1992)). The mutagenicity of HNMs was initially evaluated in S. typhimurium Kundu et al, 2004), and later in CHO cells, NCM460 cells and TK6 cells in vitro (DeAngelo et al, 2007;Liviac et al, 2009;Plewa et al, 2004a). However, most previous studies on halogenated N-DBPs mainly focused on their potential health effects on humans, very little is known about the undesirable consequence of their mutagenicity on bacteria, which has important environmental significance.…”