Comparative neuroanatomy of the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat, cat, pig, monkey, and human

Toossi, Amirali; Bergin, Bradley; Marefatallah, Maedeh; Parhizi, Behdad; Tyreman, Neil; Everaert, Dirk G.; Rezaei, Sabereh; Seres, Peter; Gatenby, J. Christopher; Perlmutter, Steve I.; Mushahwar, Vivian K.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81371-9

Cited by 65 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In vivo experiments were performed with veterinarians of the Veterinary School of Alfort (EnvA-Crbm), after obtaining permission from the French ministry for research and ethical evaluation by the animal care and use committee number 16 (EnvA-anses-u-pec), under the authorization number 20287. The pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) was chosen as the experimental animal because it represents the closest animal model to humans in terms of vertebral anatomy and cardiovascular system [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Mainard

Tsiakaka

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The spinal cord is a major structure of the central nervous system allowing, among other things, the transmission of afferent sensory and efferent motor information. During spinal surgery, such as scoliosis correction, this structure can be damaged, resulting in major neurological damage to the patient. To date, there is no direct way to monitor the oxygenation of the spinal cord intraoperatively to reflect its vitality. This is essential information that would allow surgeons to adapt their procedure in case of ischemic suffering of the spinal cord. We report the development of a specific device to monitor the functional status of biological tissues with high resolution. The device, operating with multiple wavelengths, uses Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with other additional sensors, including ElectroNeuroGraphy (ENG). In this paper, we focused primarily on aspects of the PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG), emanating from four different light sources to show in real time and record biological signals from the spinal cord in transmission and reflection modes. This multispectral system was successfully tested in in vivo experiments on the spinal cord of a pig for specific medical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Mainard

Tsiakaka

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…The reason why the Pig Phantom was used in this study is that the enlargements in pigs and humans are largest and most similar in size (length and cross-sectional area); followed by monkeys [ 26 ]. It has an advantage that it obtains constant data on all phenomena that may occur, including artifacts, which may be produced from the patient..…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Compressed SENSE (CS) MRI Metal Artifact Reduction Using Pig L-Spine Phantom and Transplant Patients: Focused on the CS-SEMAC (SPIR), mDixon(O-MAR) and STIR Techniques

Goo

Kim

2022

Tomography

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This study evaluates the clinical usefulness of the images obtained after applying mDixon (O-MAR), CS-SEMAC (SPIR), and STIR techniques to Pig L-Spine Phantom and transplant patients according to the difference in the reduction in metal artifacts and provides the optimal MAR image technique. This study was conducted with Phantom and 30 transplant patients who had an implant on the L-Spine (22 men, 8 women, mean age: 64.2 ± 12.98). All data analyzed were evaluated, using Philips Ingenia 3.0T CX. As pulse sequences, applied to the analysis, mDixon (O-MAR), CS-SEMAC (SPIR), and STIR were used. As the coil used to obtain data, the dStream Head Spine Coil was used. When tested directly applying to the transplant patients in the conditions the same as for the Phantom, as for the MAR effect of T1 and T2 images, the SNR value showed the highest effect on the increase in the signal in T1, T2 CS-SEMAC (SPIR), followed by mDixon (O-MAR) and STIR, which was the same result as the Phantom (p < 0.05). In addition, in the results of the histogram measurement in both of the subjects, Phantom and transplant patients, the count of T1, the T2 Sagittal image was the highest in T1, T2 STIR, followed by T1, T2 mDixon (O-MAR) and T1, and T2 CS-SEMAC (SPIR). As a result of the qualitative analysis, the quality was the best in T2 CS-SEMAC(SPIR) (c), followed by mDixon (O-MAR) (b) and T2 STIR (a). In conclusion, when the MAR effect on the Pig L-spine Phantom and Transplant patients was compared, it was noted that the CS-SEMAC (SPIR) technique was the most excellent in the following order: STIR < mDixon (O-MAR) < CS-SEMAC (SPIR).

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“…Labeled neurons were only counted if they were contained in the dorsal or ventral horn. The dorsal and ventral sides of the spinal cord were identified by locating the median fissure and anterior spinal artery as landmarks ( Watson et al, 2009 ; Toossi et al, 2021 ). Dorsal and ventral horns were separated by identifying the lateral spinal nucleus and drawing lines slightly ventral to that point at approximately the division of the 5 and 6 laminae, according to Watson et al (2009) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of graft source and orientation on outcomes after ablation of a branched peripheral nerve

Allgood

Roballo

Sparks

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Segmental peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are the most common cause of enduring nervous system dysfunction. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an extensive and highly branching organization. While much is known about the factors that affect regeneration through sharp bisections and linear ablations of peripheral nerves, very little has been investigated or documented about PNIs that ablate branch points. Such injuries present additional complexity compared to linear segmental defects. This study compared outcomes following ablation of a branch point with branched grafts, specifically examining how graft source and orientation of the branched graft contributed to regeneration. The model system was Lewis rats that underwent a 2.5 cm ablation that started in the sciatic nerve trunk and included the peroneal/tibial branch point. Rats received grafts that were rat sciatic autograft, inbred sciatic allograft, and inbred femoral allograft, each of which was a branched graft of 2.5 cm. Allografts were obtained from Lewis rats, which is an inbred strain. Both branches of the sciatic grafts were mixed motor and sensory while the femoral grafts were smaller in diameter than sciatic grafts and one branch of the femoral graft is sensory and the other motor. All branched grafts were sutured into the defect in two orientations dictated by which branch in the graft was sutured to the tibial vs peroneal stumps in recipients. Outcome measures include compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and CatWalk gait analysis throughout the recovery period, with toluidine blue for intrinsic nerve morphometry and retrograde labeling conducted at the 36-week experimental end point. Results indicate that graft source and orientation does play a significant role earlier in the regenerative process but by 36 weeks all groups showed very similar indications of regeneration across multiple outcomes.

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Comparative neuroanatomy of the lumbosacral spinal cord of the rat, cat, pig, monkey, and human

Cited by 65 publications

References 54 publications

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Evaluating Compressed SENSE (CS) MRI Metal Artifact Reduction Using Pig L-Spine Phantom and Transplant Patients: Focused on the CS-SEMAC (SPIR), mDixon(O-MAR) and STIR Techniques

The effects of graft source and orientation on outcomes after ablation of a branched peripheral nerve

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